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Press Rules - Charles A. Smith (1951)

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There are two jobs I wouldn't wish on my worst enemy - writing about weightlifting and kindred subjects, and acting as a referee at a lifting contest and of the two, I think the judge's job is the hardest. People forget all too soon the nice things you write about them even tho' you pen them a thousand times. They swiftly prepare to tear you limb from limb the very first occasion you offer the smallest bit of adverse criticism - and it matters not how much you try to soften the blow. Lifters say nothing if they happen to 'get away' with a little lifting 'skullduggery' but let a referee and judges stick to the rules and the majority of athletes get the idea that officials are their mortal enemies. I'm feeling a little gloomy this morning anyway, so just take my remarks with a big pinch of salt.

I do want to impress on all you young lifters that the judges are there not merely to say if your lift is good or bad but to HELP you. Theirs is a darn hard job, believe me, and their decisions are in 99.9% of cases good decisions and honestly rendered. An official very often is guilty of a HUMAN error of judgement but never, if he knows lifting rules, in error where those rules are concerned. The trouble arises when the rules in certain lifts are applied. I have in front of me four national and international sets of rulings - The American Rules - The British Rules - The Australian Rules - and the Olympic Rules, and each of them differs in some way from the other. While these differences hardly concern you now, yet if you ever reach International Standard - and I sincerely wish this for you - the ARE going to make quite a bit of difference.

You have been working with the exercises that will help you when you enter Olympic Lifting, and if you have made correct use of the movements, will have a good groundwork on which to lay your future progress in lifting. Now - the very first thing for you to do BEFORE enter a competition - before you even start to train on the actual Olympic lifts, is to purchase the AAU Official Weightlifting Rule Handbook. During the entire period you are using the Olympic preparing exercises described and dealt with in another article -

http://ditillo2.blogspot.ca/2008/12/preparing-for-olympic-lifts-charles.html   

 - study those rules, get into your head every sentence, phrase, word! Memorize every rule. Familiarize yourself with the platform procedure. Know exactly what you should do and what can get you disqualified. Attend every weightlifting meet and physical excellence contest. Go up to the judges AFTER the show and ask them questions. Any point or decision about which you are not clear, mention it to the officials and they will help you all they can. Don't wait until the time comes for you to enter a lifting competition, or until you have been lifting in contests for some time. Do your querying BEFORE. Perhaps you think I place too much stress on the importance of the rules. Let me assure you that they ARE just that - IMPORTANT. They govern our lifting conduct and they tell us whether a man is worthy of a world record and fame or if he has just made another - attempt. There are too many lifters competing today who have little of no idea of Weightlifting Rulings. There are too many lifters who have their own interpretation of the rules or accept blindly what what they are told by 'authorities' without question. Your only authority should be your rule book. It doesn't matter one bit if someone insists that it is no longer cause for disqualification if the bar touches your knee on the way up in the snatch or clean and jerk. There is no authority for the statement that a lay-back or back-bend is permitted in the Press. In any case of doubt, always accept the Rule Book as the final authority. If you STILL feel doubtful about a lift ruling, then I suggest you consult the National Weightlifting Chairman, whose address I will be happy to supply. He will be able to tell you of any rule amendments. In United States lifting, the Press is called, erroneously, the TWO HANDS MILITARY PRESS. It is anything but Military. The exact title of the lift SHOULD be - The TWO HANDS CLEAN AND PRESS. There are definite rules governing the 'military version' and there is NO SUCH LIFT as an OLYMPIC PRESS. I am not trying to air any knowledge or cause any arguments. I am just stating the facts. In the old days - way before Sandow - a strict version of the press was known to Continental European lifters and was reputed to have been introduced to England by a Professor Szaly.

http://www.sandowplus.co.uk/Szalay/szalay.htm

When the Saxons came to England they also showed that they knew this strict press style. In fact, the 'back-bending' type of press was known as the Two HandsBent Press because of this looser manner of performance. When Eugene Sandow opened his extensive chin of Physical Culture studios throughout the United Kingdom, his instructors were Physical Training Men from the British Army School at Aldershot. 

http://www.theperiscope.ca/CondensedHistoryoftheBritishAPTC.htm

The iron British Army discipline they had undergone influenced their teaching methods and one of the required strength tests was to press a weight. In doing so they had to keep the 'MILITARY' position of 'ATTENTION' - hence the term Two Hands MILITARY PRESS. When this lift was incorporated into British Amateur Competition weightlifting, not only were the above positions retained, but the lifter had to keep the hand spacing not more and not less than shoulder width and during the lift it was required to raise the barbell at an even speed ALL THE WAY - usually the lifter kept time to the referee's rising hand of finger.

The Press used in modern competition does, under the rules retain ALL the features of the Two Hands military press with the exception of the leg and hand spacing. Yet these rules are rarely kept to. For your guidance, here they are. I will not attempt to question the rights or wrongs therein. I will not attempt to tell you how they are to be interpreted. I will simply quote and tell you what you can be disqualified for.

But I Do advise you to carefully watch the standard of officiating at any meet you are in. Observe what the other lifters are allowed and what they are disqualified for. But above everything else DO learn to PRESS IN ABSOLUTELY STRICT STYLE. Then, if the judging is strict, you will be protected - if it is loose, then that is all to your advantage. If however you lift in a loose style, full of bad habits and in a manner bearing no relation to the lift as outlined in the rules, you are going to have lots of trouble. Just one official keeping strictly to the rules can cost you a title AND you will be the only one to blame. In lifting, good habits win contests. Bad habits get worse.


AAU WEIGHTLIFTING RULES
Two Hands Military Press

FIRST MOVEMENT.
The bar must be laid horizontally in front of the lifter's feet, gripped with both hands and brought with ONE SINGLE DISTINCT MOTION up to the shoulders while either lunging or springing on bent legs.The bar is then rested on the chest or arms closely flexed. The feet must be brought back on the same line not more than 16 inches apart.

SECOND MOVEMENT.
When in this position hold the BAR MOTIONLESS for two seconds STANDING STILL. The time will be indicated by the clap of the judge's hands. The bar is then lifted up vertically until the arms are completely extended WITHOUT ANY JERKING OR SUDDEN STARTING. When the motion is completed, another stop of two seconds is required., the arms and lets stiffened. DURING THE ENTIRE LIFT THE LIFTER'S BODY AS WELL AS HIS HEAD MUST CONSTANTLY REMAIN IN THE VERTICAL POSITION.         

IMPORTANT REMARKS.
As a rule the bar must touch the chest before performing the second motion, which must not commence until the Judge gives the signal by clapping his hands. LIFTERS WHO ARE UNABLE TO REST THE BAR ON THEIR CHESTS MUST INFORM THE JUDGES OF THIS FACT BEFORE COMMENCING THE TEST. For this class of competitors the starting position of the press, so far as the uplifting proper is concerned shall be indicated by the meeting point of the collarbone with the sternum.

CAUSE OF DISQUALIFICATION.
Any departure of the body or head from the vertical position, any foot work (heel lift or toe raise, etc.,) any bending of the legs, any uneven raising of the arms during the uplifting, will be cause for disqualifying thte lifter on that attempt.

Let us take the first sentence. It is a common fault with some lifters to clean the bar to a point level with, or above the nipples and THEN shift the bar to across the shoulders for pressing. According to the rules this SHOULD be cause for disqualification. It is distinctly stated that the bar MUST be cleaned to the shoulders in one distinct motion. Wherever the bar lands, it must be pressed from that position. Otherwise it is NOT a CLEAN lift.

When the bar is in the pressing position, the feet MUST be brought back on the same line - that is the feet may NOT be one ahead of the other. As soon as you are in the position indicated above THEN and NOT BEFORE does the referee give the signal for you to commence the press. In other words you must be ready to press and stand still for TWO DISTINCT SECONDS before the referee is entitled, according to the rules, to give you the signal to make your pressing attempt.

When you get the clap you start to press. You must NOT drop the bar down to get a rebound but you MUST press it straight up with no sudden jerk of start. During the actual and entire press you are NOT allowed to set back the shoulders or bend back. In fact, you are not allowed to do this at any time during the press altho some 'authorities' try to tell you that you can get away with these press positions if they are assumed BEFORE the actual press from the shoulders takes place. When the weight is at arms' length, the arms must be kept locked and the lifter must stand still for another two seconds at the end of which period the referee will again clap his hands as the signal to lower the weight.

If you are unable to rest the bar across the shoulders, you must inform the referee of that fact BEFORE you make your attempt. If you are unable to completely lock either one or both arms, you must again inform the referee of the fact BEFORE you make your attempt.

If during your attempt at the press your knees unlock, or your toes raise or heels lift, then you can be disqualified according to the rules. If one arm lags behind the other - locks out after the other arm, then this again is cause for disqualification. You are NOT allowed to drop your head back and then 'follow through' with the head as the weight is pressed to arms' length - according to the rules. You are NOT allowed to bend the back even in the slightest degree - according to the rules.

So just go to a contest - the very next chance you get. Take a copy of the rules with you and see how many lifters keep to the letter of the law and how many officials rule them out when indicated. The plain fact of the matter is that if the judges kept to the rules there would be hardly any lifters making successful presses. I try as much as I can to judge FAIRLY, HONESTLY and with faith that the lifters themselves will know I am doing my best, without fear or favor.

There is but one thing for you to do. The press is the one lift that is the cause of more dissension than any other. You can but keep to the AAU Rule Book and rest assured that your percentage of successful lifts will be higher than the other competitors. In order not to handicap yourself, you MUST take notice of the judging standard and to do this you MUST know the rules. And don't forget to work hard on those preparing exercises.        









The Warren Travis Belt - Jan Dellinger (2002)

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Let's turn our attention for a moment to the Warren Lincoln Travis one-of-a-kind championship belt. Nearly 100 years ago, this belt recognized Travis as "The World's Strongest Man."


The Belt's Origin

In 1906, Richard Fox, owner of the popular sporting newspaper, The Police Gazette, was sure a head-to-head lifting "shoot-out" between fabled French-Canadian powerhouse Louis Cyr and the renowned muscular strength idol Eugen Sandow, was a matchmaker's dream. In an attempt to further facilitate this clash between the two biggest names of the strongman genre in that day, Fox prepared a diamond-studded, gold and silver "championship belt," which would officially recognize the victor as the "strongest man in the world."

In truth, this belt was befitting of such a prestigious title, as its rumored worth just after the turn of the 20th Century was $2,500, a sizable piece of change nearly 100 years ago. Historian Dave Willoughby reported the figure as well (The Super Athletes, p. 81), so this appraisal seems valid.

Try as he might, though, Fox could not induce Sandow to accept the challenge. In all fairness, Sandow was several body classes lighter than Cyr. Plus, a loss is a loss in the eye of the public, so it's hard to picture Sandow recognizing any reason to participate.


Travis Steps Up

Enter Warren Lincoln Travis. By the fall of 1906, Fox's promotional aplomb prompted him to approach Travis about accepting this lavish belt and defending it against all worthy comers for a period of 10 years. In an article in the August 1937 Strength & Health, Travis listed two simple conditions Fox placed on its acceptance:

1) Each man (Travis and challenger) had the right to choose five or six lifts apiece, and

2) The belt had to be defended anywhere in the world designated by the challenger, with the understanding a side bet or gate percentage could be arranged.



Of course, Travis took Fox up on his offer an did defend the belt for 10 years, after which it became his personal property. 

Readers probably wonder why Fox tapped Travis after the Cyr versus Sandow match-up failed to materialize. It's not as though Travis was a total unknown in 1906, not by a long shot. At 20 years of age in 1896, Travis (real name Roland Morgan) was lucky enough to receive personal training from Professor Louis Attila. The invaluable nature of his teaching can be summed up by noting that the list of professional strongmen who benefited from Attila's marvelous guidance reads like a "Who's Who" from the Golden Age of Strongmanism.  

Plus, Travis had already put in his apprenticeship, giving exhibitions in gyms and training halls of New York City and Long Island under the moniker, "The Brooklyn Strongboy." Long before 1906, he had graduated to working first-line theaters and venues, as well as earning distinction via other avenues. For example, Fox became an admirer of Travis' in 1903 when the latter won a prominent harness and back lift championships. In fact, Fox was so impressed with Travis' prowess on this occasion that he presented him with a diamond medal.

No doubt the final cementing bond between Fox and Travis was a shared admiration for the exploits of Louis Cyr. Noted writers like Siegmund Klein and Earle Liederman contend that Travis definitely patterned himself after the Canadian behemoth. 


Travis Charts a New Course

When one realizes that Warren Lincoln Travis was giving sporadic exhibitions upon his death at age 65 (in 1941), it seems hard to believe he was able to overcome the challenge of rising young strength stars and retain the championship belt Fox bestowed on him 35 years before. Suffice it to say that when the belt became his personal property, the conditions under which challenges would be accepted changed radically.

For example, disputants to his World's Strongest Man title belt had to put up $10,000 (that is not a misprint) for the right to meet him in a contest. However, Travis would put up the same sum. Apparently Travis had his fair share of eccentricities. He routinely carried $10,000 in large bills in his watch pocket in anticipation of an immediate challenge. In the October issue of S&H, longtime New York City gym owner Sig Klein maintained that when Travis visited his gym, which he did with regularity, he always had the $10,000 on his person.

http://ditillo2.blogspot.ca/2009/01/my-firstt-quarter-century-in-iron-gane.html
http://ditillo2.blogspot.ca/2009/02/sig-klein-chapter-two.html
http://ditillo2.blogspot.ca/2009/02/sig-klein-chapter-three.html
http://ditillo2.blogspot.ca/2009/02/sig-klein-chapter-four.html
http://ditillo2.blogspot.ca/2009/02/sig-klein-chapter-five.html
http://ditillo2.blogspot.ca/2009/03/sig-klein-chapter-five.html
http://ditillo2.blogspot.ca/2009/03/sig-klein-chapter-seven.html
http://ditillo2.blogspot.ca/2009/03/sig-klein-chapter-eight.html
http://ditillo2.blogspot.ca/2009/03/sig-klein-chapter-nine.html
http://ditillo2.blogspot.ca/2009/04/sig-klein-chapter-ten.html
http://ditillo2.blogspot.ca/2009/04/sig-klein-chapter-eleven.html
http://ditillo2.blogspot.ca/2009/04/sig-klein-chapter-twelve.html
http://ditillo2.blogspot.ca/2009/04/sig-klein-chapter-thirteen.html
http://ditillo2.blogspot.ca/2009/05/sig-klein-chapter-fourteen.html
http://ditillo2.blogspot.ca/2009/05/sig-klein-chapter-fifteen.html
http://ditillo2.blogspot.ca/2009/06/sig-klein-chapter-sixteen.html
http://ditillo2.blogspot.ca/2009/06/sig-klein-chapter-seventeen.html

The other prime stipulation laid down by Travis was that the winner of such challenges would be determined on the basis of total gross weight lifted in all tests combined. Bearing in mind that he was most adept at ultra-heavy tonnage lifts like the back lift, hand and thigh lift, hip lift, deadlift, and other movements involving 'big numbers,' this tilted the playing field decidedly in his favor.

The dollar requirement specifically prohibited strongmen new to this country from bothering Travis. Moreover, the second requirement had the net effect of freezing out the terrific barbell/dumbbell lifters.


Strongmen Ruled Supreme

This issue of money is not lost on visitors to our (York) museum who often inquire about the earning power of these top drawer strongmen in the early part of the 20th century. As a long-running attraction/matinee idol of the Ziegfeld Follies, it's hard to envision anyone surpassing Sandow's reported $1,500 to $2,000 weekly.

On the other hand, the honors for greatest single weekly take would seemingly go to Siegmund Brietbart. Historian David Webster reported in his book, Sons of Samson, that during Christmas week of 1923, Breitbart performed before more than 85,000 spectators and earned $7,000.

Even in the 21st century, this is as eye-popping remuneration for a week's work to most. Bear in mind, though, Brietbart did not command this sum every week. Still, those stellar drawing cards that played the higher profile venues with more frequency clearly did well.

The fact that Travis walked around with $10,000 on his person (and let's not forget the jeweled medal and belt from Fox), suggest that he did not suffer in the pay scale derby either. Still, during his long run as a Coney Island performer Travis generally earned his fortune one nickel at a time. In fact, this was the individual price of admission to the Coney Island Circus Sideshow ( which included Travis) pre-World War I, according to Earle Liederman in the June, 1963 issue of Strength & Health.

However, after World War One things perked up for Travis as Sig Klein reported (October 1956 S&H) that in 1924 the going rate to see Travis was up to 25 cents a head.

Please realize that Travis averaged nearly 20 shows daily and showed up for work nearly every day of the week. Upon considering the style of act he did, combined with how often he performed his act, Travis should have received the diamond belt just for surviving this grind for so many decades!


Travis, Always the Showman

Due to his flamboyant and eccentric personality, there are a couple of unique mysteries concerning Travis that could be explored. One that begs to be addressed is the odyssey his beloved belt traveled before residing in the York museum.

Upon his death in 1941, he left a rather odd will, especially regarding the belt, which amounted to a challenge to future strongmen he envisioned vying for it. A partial quote of the passage pertaining to the belts disposition (as it appeared in the August 7, 1941 New York Times) outlines the following wishes: "I direct that a certain diamond-jeweled gold and silver belt presented to me . . . be offered in open competition and be awarded to the man who at least will have equaled the record made by the testator herein by performing the following 10 feats:" (Travis here laid out what he felt were his 10 best lifts and stipulated that they were to be done within 30 minutes.

1) Within 30 seconds, clean and press a 100-lb dumbbell while seated.

2) Bring a pair of 90-lb dumbbells along the sides of the body to the shoulders and slowly press them overhead.

3) Teeth lift 350 lbs from the floor (hands held behind the back).

4) Single finger lift with 350 lbs from the floor eight times in five seconds.

5) A single finger lift from the floor with 560 lbs once.

6) Two-hand grip lift, straddling the weight, from floor, 700 lbs, 20 times in 10 seconds.  

7) A single hand and thigh lift from the floor with 1600 lbs.

8) Back lift 3660 lbs once.

9) A single harness lift with 3580 lbs; and

10) Back lift 2,000 lbs 250 repetitions in seven minutes.

Obviously, Travis slanted the criteria toward a clone of himself - a strength-endurance oriented specialist who was adept at shallow range reps with 'tonnage-style' lifts. Hence, the rep versus time requirement of certain feats, as well as the overall time limit.


No Takers

While the gauntlet had seemingly been thrown down, assuming Travis was genuinely looking for a successor, I find no evidence that suggest anyone took on the challenge. Why? The Golden Age of Strongmanism had largely passed, and along with it the practice of the hip, harness, and hand-and-thigh lifts. Olympic-style weightlifting, and bodybuilding were gaining popularity among the burgeoning generation of the 1940s. And let's not forget that threatening national distraction known as World War II, which prompted so many lasting changes within our culture.

Over the ensuing 20 years after Travis' death, the 'trail' of his belt faded into oblivion. That was, until the April 160 issue of S&H (page 26), which carries a photos and the caption that it was on display in the York Barbell Museum.

Who possessed the Travis belt between 1941 and 1961? To date, no amount of detective work has produced a definite answer. However, the "Iron Grapevine" section of the February 1962 S&H offers a strong clue. Mentioned therein is the donation of a fluted, thick-handled dumbbell to our museum by one-time New York City gym owner/Iron Game personality Harry Shafran. Also mentioned is the extensive collection of strongman paraphernalia and memorabilia in Shafran's possession, much of it once the personal property of Warren Lincoln Travis. 

Terry and Jan Todd looking out of what used to be a window in 
the gym Harry Shafran established in a huge barn built in the late 1800s.



Again, no irrefutable proof, but nonetheless a plausible explanation as to how our museum may have come by the awesomely gigantic Travis dumbbell spotlighted in our last edition, as well as his glitzy championship belt.

In closing, the various attributions included were done for more than mere journalistic sourcing. As readers probably surmised, Travis was a genuine 'character' in just about every sense of the word. Hence, the articles authored by Sig Klein and Earl Liederman, in particular, in which they relate various interactions with Travis down through the years are not only entertaining, but give more insight as to how quirky Travis really was.
















Larry Scott 1938-2014

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Heavy Is As Heavy Does - Bob Green (1983)

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I was in a posture of 'moving into' a new pad for the last four weeks and you know what a Herculean feat that is; at least, if not one the body . . . on the mind and soul. Got the good old sound system hooked up, moved the furniture in place (roughly) and proceeded to unload boxes of stuff I hadn't seen in years. Letters from Iron Man readers who have written me, old muscle mags and mementos up to the nose. While I mused over some of the old issues the stereo switched on one of many 'old' albums I (also) hadn't heard for years and years.

So many of the older physical culture mags implored us to lift NOTHING BUT HEAVY WEIGHTS. Well, there's a time and a place for everything. And I'm going to get into that very thing in a moment.

Take a tip from the weightlifters: cycle your heavy training. In other words, try to use NEAR maximal training poundages during regular workouts, but don't try to use ABSOLUTE maximal poundages (weights you can only get one or two reps with in good form) in every workout. You can't do that and keep good form going and stay injury free. Go for near maximal poundages once a week per bodypart. Once every two weeks you can really go for it; take the particular exercise you are trying to go heavy in and do a few extra sets; working up the poundages while dropping the reps. Say 6 sets instead of your usual 3 or 4 and doing a rep setup something like 10-8-6-4-3-2.

Powerlifters and Olympic lifters have found by alternating their light (60-70%) and moderate (75-85%) loads they can 'cycle' this up to a maximum or heavy load (90% and above) on or near contest time. They nudge their poundages upward by cycling the workloads until they can train with max and near-max weights by a certain date - just in their preparatory training - prior to a given competition. When they hit the new plateau they start the cycle over again, but with some new weight adjustments and going somewhat heavier than before when they hit the 'heavy' point of the new cycle.

Sounds a bit redundant or even a bit rambling (sentence-wise), but try to read it slowly to get the concept. The idea is that they may not hit near maximal poundages more than two or three times a month and go for broke only once a month. Different guys cycle it differently according to their individual needs and responses, yet they all do it, roughly, in this manner.

There is a rhyme and reason to their cycling. It isn't that they're fleeing the inevitable destiny of checking out where they stand with a new poundage. While they are going somewhat 'lighter' (poundage-wise) on certain movements, they are doing more reps in it. AND . . . THEY ARE GOING HEAVIER ON ASSISTANCE EXERCISES. But you see . . . the lifter has different goals. At least generally; at times they want to build up certain bodyparts to help their leverages or give them the added muscle to strive for more strength.

But we're talking about building muscle. Bodybuilding. If you train right you'll get the added benefits of tone, conditioning, etc. Right now we're talking about building muscle size . . . mass and density.

Don't get so hung up in training poundages that you lose sight of what you're doing. "Well for Blinkety-Blank sakes, Green!" you say. "What the heck do you think I'm doing???!!! I'm trying to lifth weights!" That, dear friends, is probably where the concept gets muddied up. Especially for neophytes and many intermediates. Maybe that's why the bodybuilding game adopted the term 'pumping iron.' No . . . not the flick . . . the term.

In a way, pumping iron more actively and actively states the case; what it's all about and what the bodybuilder is really doing. Sure, you should try to use maximum poundages whenever possible, but cycle it somehow. There are so many variables, anyway: how you feel that day, your chemistry at the time, rest, recuperative cycles, job/family stresses and so forth.

The idea is to OVERLOAD the muscle, not just with weight, but also with INTENSITY (of work level per set) and pinpoint concentration. Visualizing the muscle you are working, how you want it to look - getting down and dirty with that muscle or muscle group.

With all the heavy duty type courses and the Arthur Jones' theory floating around the magazines today, I think some misconceptions are being derived from these articles. Sure Viator, the Mentzer brothers and guys like that train with comparatively heavy poundages AND get the reps, forced reps, et al., but they've worked up to it. They have thick attachments and can take it more so  than others. I see new guys to the game trying to emulate these routines and get injuries all over the place. Injuries lead to 'down time' and no results, even going backwards.

Yes, the idea is to train 'heavy,' but in relation to the workload on a given muscle. The poundages you use in a workout should be the main variable - more so than the sets or reps. Some days you'll lift heavier than others. The muscles only know if a weight feels HEAVY, MODERATE, OR LIGHT. If you've been doing 60 lb dumbbell curls, for instance, for sets of 6-8 reps and you come into the gym on an arm day and you're a little 'down' . . . the 60's might feel too heavy to get (even) 6 good, full, intense reps with. No biggie! Drop down to 55's and  get your 6 or 8 good reps an then force an extra rep or two and maybe use negatives (fighting the lowering). You'll make gains. You overloaded the muscle. You worked it as maximally as possible.

Eventually the 60's will get easier as time goes by and you'll be able to go up to 65's. The idea is to develop the muscle and the strength will come. In this case you want to develop the muscle first and foremost. The efficiency will come. If you want strength and power in a certain movement movement then you will have to train more SPECIFICALLY to that end.

Of course there is more than one way to overload a muscle besides adding weight to the bar. Time is one. At Vince's Gym in the late '50s and early '60s you saw a different pattern of training emerge. I found it quite difficult, but very result-producing. Coming over from the Muscle Beach Gym and the early Gold's, I was used to taking longer breaks between sets. The beach denizens were naturally influenced by the weightlifters and power men and they did a little of both. Their bodybuilding workouts reflected this.

At Vince's the better built guys rested less between sets. Sometimes only 30-45 seconds or less instead of the customary length of time. This is a level of overload in itself. It makes a BIG difference. Later on in the magazines it was referred to as QUALITY TRAINING. This aspect has been adopted by all the top bodybuilders when training for championship conditioning. The main idea is to rest as little between sets as possible. Naturally, on some exercises such as squats, heavy row and presses etc., where you're doing more sets, adding weight each set and dropping reps - you may have to rest a bit longer than 30-45 seconds.

The main idea, though, is to just get your breath back and then go right into the breech. Don't hang out between sets. Wait until that muscle or muscle-group is is thoroughly worked before you take a bit of a break; while you're setting up for the next break. Unless you are on a specific bulk and power routine, get it on and keep the rests short.

If you are a lazy bodybuilder then you should watch the clock and PUSH yourself until you get the rhythm. There are various other techniques of cutting the rest time down and OVERLOADING the muscle. These include super sets, compounding, tri-sets, giant sets, heavy-light and many other methods, all the subjects of individual articles. Suffice it to say they are techniques of alternating one or two exercises for the same bodypart with little or no rest. I know Peary Rader dislikes the use of the word, 'bodypart,' but it's becoming one of bodybuilding's slang expressions and has become widely used. So much so that it seems to state the case and is familiar to most enthusiasts.

'Bodypart' becomes a writer's valuable tool when discussing super sets. Alternating a bicep exercise with a tricep exercise, without rest (virtually). To develop the bodypart of the upper arms; including the muscle or muscle groups - the biceps and triceps. Oh well, let's not get hung up on semantics. It becomes a fun debate, but I have more ground to cover in regard to 'weight.'

I've found that the use of slightly higher reps, pinpoint concentration and somewhat 'lighter' weights have definite purposes. The higher reps are not to be totally shunned.

When working with beginners, I've found the use of higher reps imperative during the first few months. Starting out with a weight they can handle in perfect form, I always have them do 10-12 reps to start with. Abs and calves somewhat higher. The same goes for any aerobic work - it depends on their goals. But even for straight bodybuilding. Ten to twelve. As they get into better condition AND get stronger, I have them increase the reps to fifteen. Gradually. When they can do 15 good reps in an exercise I have them add a little more weight or resistance and back down to 10 reps.

I may have them do this for a month or more depending on the level of the subject's response. At any rate, it seems to work better for almost all beginners. Several things happen: they build up more capillaries and better endurance of the muscles, they improve their tone more, condition the joints and attachments more effectively, burn more fat and stimulate their body chemistry more.

Another important thing occurs: the trainee gets 'into' the exercises more and picks up on technique faster. Some trainers use this method more than others, but the ones that do get faster results. I've seen it in my own gym and others I've worked in for the last 15 years.

There is another use for high reps that applies to the more seasoned bodybuilder. I can excite growth and nutrient stimulation to a lagging bodypart, muscle group or what-have-you. Not something you'd want to stay with for more than 2 or 3 weeks, but I've seen it do the job. Sometimes done in up to four weeks of high reps. Dave Draper and I tried it when he was training for the Mr. America and again (several times) during his training for the Mr. U.

I had heard Vince Gironda espouse this as well as the first Mr. America, Bert Goodrich. A great way to shock the body, build muscle density, striations, vascularity and the whole bit. I had watched Hugo Labra train with higher reps, yet he was strong AND big. It was a horrifying thought to us . . . to drop the precious poundages we had fought for so long to achieve. Particularly for Dave. He had been touted as the World's Strongest Youth and was mighty strong. Insecurity fell over us like a cloud.

We finally got up the nerve to try at least 12-15 reps on everything. We could give it a shot for two weeks and work up to 20-25 reps on everything. We ended up doing it for three weeks. Hard at first, but oh so rewarding. We made gains in size, density and overall muscularity. We'd use the 3rd week to taper off and gradually increase the the training poundages and lower the reps a little at a time.

Serge Nubret uses higher reps almost all the time and Sergio Oliva has been doing higher reps through most of his training the past year or two, and if you've seen him in recent exhibitions you can identify the improved quality and plenty of size he's developed.

Generally speaking, 6-8 reps seems best for building mass in most arieas, yet areas like the back and legs seem to respond to 10-12 more efficiently. If your back is lagging (in any part) go to 12-15 reps per set, with as much weight as you can and see what happens. You'll be pleased. The calves and forearms seem to respond to higher reps due to their density and blood supply. In recent years it has been found more result-producing to alternate heavier movements for these two areas for 10 reps with somewhat lighter ones for 15 reps.

Using more weight is not always the answer in bodybuilding. In fact, it can be contraindicated in many instances. Think about it: if the weight is too heavy, you have to do a faster movement; too brief to get all the deep fibers and really stimulate the myofibrils. You have to get at ALL the fibers. The fast twitch and the slow twitch. And then you have to build those capillary beds in and around the muscles. The pump - the blood supply - means so much to developing your body.

Go as heavy as you can - when you can, but get the reps.
Carry on and good luck!    
















Strict Exercise Performance for Muscular Size - Anthony Ditillo (1983)

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This article is the result of a conversation I and a few of my training partners had the other day, during the middle of a squatting routine. I and a bodybuilder were doing our squats and one of the powerlifters asked if he could join in. My bodybuilder friend and I were using around 300 lbs for sets of 4 to 8 repetitions. We were doing these squats without any wraps, using a medium stance with our heels raised, and a completely erect torso during the movement. In essence, we were trying to ISOLATE the stress on the thigh muscles without trying to bring the larger hip muscles into play. Right away the powerlifter began his wrapping up routine. After heavily wrapping his knees he began his squats. With the bar placed very low and his legs spread so far apart that he appeared the he would split in half should he make even the smallest of mistakes while doing his repetitions, he began to do the ugliest, most distorted squats imaginable. The bodybuilder and I finished up with 5 sets of around 6 repetitions with around 315. The powerlifter finished with one double with 425. The bodybuilder and I performed a total of around 10 sets in about 20 minutes. The powerlifter performed around 8 sets in about 45 minutes. It was after this routine that we began to discuss training with each other. I mentioned that it was remarkable that the three of us were around the same height and bodyweight and yet we appeared so different physically. The bodybuilder was the most impressive looking throughout the entire body, while I appeared to have the thickest shoulders and trapezius muscles. The powerlifter had the biggest BUTT. He defended his lack of development with the statement, "That's the difference between a bodybuilder and a powerlifter. One looks good and the other lifts heavy weights."

Not wishing to hurt his feelings, I allowed this remark to go past with no further comment. But in my mind I knew he was wrong. Nothing could be further from the truth.

Where this lifter is making his mistake is in his reasoning and lack thereof. The champion powerlifters today look TREMENDOUS! They actually resemble bodybuilders but without the excessive definition competitive bodybuilding requires. You see, this lifter was a mediocre lifter and it was obvious to me that he has not been keeping up with the latest trends in powerlifting or else he would have known some obvious facts which would have helped him tremendously in his search for muscle and power. No powerlifter today of any consequence depends upon the three competitive lifts for his physical development. While the squat, bench press, and deadlift are great exercises with a tremendous amount of value in any training routine, a powerlifter regards these movements as LIFTS and not particularly as exercises for promoting growth. Powerlifters today CYCLE their training programs in such a way that during the initial weeks or working out most of their training is done on ASSISTANCE movements with the competitive lifts being done with medium intensity and ultra strictness in form to promote muscle GROWTH. Then, as the athlete comes closer to his competitive event, he will slowly do away with the assistance work and tend to intensify his working of the COMPETITIVE LIFTS. It is during this period of his cycle that he will be squatting with competitive style and the super wraps and suit and it is NOW that all the hard, strict work he had done in the building up period of his cycle will make itself evident. I might add that this same powerlifter has been totaling the same number for the past several years. Need more be said?

You cannot build large, shapely muscle without putting stress on the muscle you want to develop. You can't build thick, dense pectorals by bench pressing using every muscle in your body and NOT using the pectorals, yet that is what some of you are trying to do. My bodybuilder friend who was doing these deep, erect squats with 300 lbs for repetitions has more than his share of muscle size to show for his efforts. And let us see just how supposedly weak he was. Five sets of five reps with 315 would equal at least 385 for a single. This would be done in the same strict style previously described. Now suppose we did away with the raised heels, and we added the super wraps and super suit and had our man lower the bar to the point where the powerlifter had his bar placed. How much do you think this fellow would squat with then?

Conversely, do you think this powerlifter could have used the same weight the two of US were using, if he had to use our style and take off all his supporting material? I doubt it. So his statement about the bodybuilder looking good and he being the one with the strength was nothing but an egoistic outburst with no apparent moment of forethought on his part. You don't get to be a good powerlifter without building a good set of strong and shapely muscles. Look at any photo of David Shaw, Roger Estep, or Jim Cash and you will see mute testimony to the truth of this statement.

So one of the reasons why my friend will always be an average powerlifter is that he solely performs the three powerlifts, using all allowable technique and extreme performance style and literally no supportive work to fully and adequately work his muscles. He can't continue to increase his total because he is already using all the 'cheating' he can and still get away with his lifts. He can't gain bodyweight since this would move him out of his weight class. He does no supplementary work so the muscles are not growing nor is he able to lower his bodyfat percentage since his workouts are so short. In short, he will total around the same from year to year and finally he will go BACKWARDS.

For you fellows who are seeking to gain massive muscle size, perform your movements similar to a bodybuilder. Do the repetitions strict and slow with intensity and concentration. Never sacrifice exercise performance for the addition of a few pounds on the bar for this will NOT increase your functional strength nor will it increase your muscle size. All it will do is inflate your ego and possibly increase your chances of injury. These facts are so important to you underweight fellows, because most of you equate heavy weights and power with large, shapely muscles and to a certain extent you are right, but to make the amount of weight you are lifting take predominance in your training regime will not necessarily guarantee you the best results in the building of these large, shapely muscles.

And it makes no sense for you to fatten yourself up just to lift a few extra pounds and hope somehow that this extra weight lifted will somehow transform you into a massive athlete. I know. I've been there. I'll never go back there again.

The top lifters today DO NOT force feed themselves. They don't want to get fat. Being fat will not help them become better lifters. Also, they know that in order for those muscles of theirs to continue to grow and become dense, strong and useful, they will have to somehow place the most stress possible on the muscles they will need to use during the performance of the power lifts. This means that, as Dr. Fred Hatfield has said time and time again, most of the pre-competition period will be spent on building useful muscle and strict, functional strength. If you would-be weight-gainers see a picture of David Shaw deadlifting a tremendous weight you should realize that those muscles of his come from strict movements done for medium repetitions and a medium to high number of sets.


Doubles and singles done in cheating fashion will not give you the body of a David Shaw. I know. 
He's my good friend and we have talked about this. 
He does not lie!


I would suggest that you choose your exercise movements, which you have found to be the most difficult to do and the most demanding on your muscles. Experiment and decide which movements worked your muscles the hardest and try to center your energy on these exercises so as to get the most out of your training time. Also bear in mind that in order to gain muscular bodyweight you will have to see to it that your diet is more than adequate and that you have sufficient time for rest and recuperation. The more advanced you are as a trainee the more frequently you can work out without harming the organism. It would also seem to me that the more frequent the workouts, the shorter and more intense they would necessarily have to be. Remember that we are talking about gaining body weight, not merely training for lifting competition. 
Growth requires both stimulation and rest. 
 Strength alone requires adaptability and persistence. 

Let us assume that you have found you make the best gains while training but four times per week. 
what you would be doing is working each muscle group twice weekly. Each muscle group should be broken down into as many movements as you feel are necessary for adequate growth and development. I would do it this way:

I would pick one basic movement per bodypart and include one to three assistant movements for the various muscle groups brought into play during the performance of the basic lift. For the bench press I would NOT do doubles and singles on the movement but would work for a thorough warmup and finish up with 4-5 sets of 6-8 repetitions. I would use a medium grip on the bar, a flat-back body position on the bench and I would perform the repetitions with a slight 'tap' on the chest. I personally have found parallel dips to be helpful and also good for muscle building, so I would use added weight for resistance and go for 5 or so sets of between 6 and 10 repetitions. That would be the chest work and it would be done twice per week.

For the shoulders I would either use the press behind neck and side laterals, or the seated front press and forward dumbbell laterals. Whichever I chose the sets would once again be between 4-6 and the repetitions between 6 and 8-10. Warmup sets are not included in these set numbers.

For the upper arms I would probably use the alternate dumbbell curl and tricep pressdowns on the lat machine. Sets and repetitions would remain the same and once again I would do all repetitions slowly and strictly. The chest, shoulders, and arms would be worked this way on Monday and Thursday. On Tuesday and Friday I would work the legs and back:

I would begin these lower body workouts with High Bar Squats. The bar is placed high on the trapezius (see photo above) and the heels are raised either with a lifting-style shoe or on a block. The stance is medium to close with no wraps on the knees. Upon lowering into the bottom position you must attempt to have the upper leg fold over on the lower leg with your buttocks tucked in and pushing FORWARD. For these squats I would adequately warm up and work up to 5-7 sets of 6-10 repetitions. I do not feel any additional leg work is required since these squats are severely intense and will adequately work the muscles of the upper thighs. 

My next movement would be the stiff legged deadlift on a block. This movement will work your you from your heels to the back of your neck. I would warm up and work up to 3-5 sets of 6-10 repetitions using good style and no bouncing. 

Next would be the bentover row with barbell. Using a medium grip and pulling the bar into the lower stomach I would  do sets of 5-7 repetitions for a total of 5 all-out, hard and intense sets.     

I would finish the back work with medium grip shrugs using high repetitions of between 6-10 and working up to 5 all-out heavy sets. When poker becomes much more popular than it ever should in the near future, lifters will call these sets 'all-in."Fascinating. Ah-bing, ah-bang, pow.

Once again, warmup sets are not included in these set numbers.

Abdominal work could be included wherever desired during the training week. I prefer weighted side bends and crunches with legs raised. I go for maximum burn in the area and maximum weight for 8-10 repetitions. I feel strong and thick obliques will help a lifter to squat and deadlift more. I also prefer to have a thick, strong waist as opposed to a tiny, weak one.

The high bar squats, the strict bench presses and the stiff legged deadlifts are some of the more popular off season movements that the best powerlifters in the world use for building strong, shapely muscles and to further strengthen the competitively performed three powerlifts. The various lateral raises and the arm work are also included in the pre-competitive  cycles of many powerlifters the world over for they DO work and they DO aid your three lift total, should competition be your ultimate goal.

For the trainee who is not going to compete in lifting, these  very same movements will GREATLY add to your physical size, power and impressiveness due to the full range of movement they incorporate and to the strictness of performance style.

Don't bounce the bar off the traps in the press behind neck.
Don't swing up he dumbbells for your deltoid raises.
Stop arching and lifting your butt up off the bench.
Who are you really kidding but yourself?

Finally, we come to diet. If you want to gain weight you must eat more. Simple, isn't it! But remember that you must have a balance of nutrients so as to insure proper growth, metabolic rate and recuperation. I advise a high carbohydrate, medium protein and low fat diet for best all around results. Get your carbohydrate from fresh fruits and vegetables and your protein from milk and egg products as well as low fat meats including fowl and fish. Keep your fats to a minimum. You need an abundance of carbohydrates for training energy and because of their protein sparing effect on the metabolism. Without sufficient carbohydrates you will begin to use protein as a poor energy source. To gain muscle size stay away from refined sugars but DO NOT STAY AWAY from carbohydrates. Red meats are high in fat and take a large amount of energy to process. Avoid them. Ingest low fat milk products and eggs instead. Turkey and chicken are high in protein and low in calories and fat. So is fish. Include both.

If my pre-mentioned friend who is trying to increase his powerlifting total would heed some of the points mentioned here, with a year or two he would be a lot stronger, a lot more muscular at the SAME bodyweight. He would have a lower bodyfat percentile and a larger amount of usable muscle. He would also look like an ATHLETE even when fully dressed. And if you underweight fellows begin to incorporate these principles into your training you will be rewarded with a larger, more muscular and stronger body.

And that's the simple truth of it all.   








Physical Culture: Past, Present and Future - Part One - Alan Radley (2001)

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Man lives for the day, What is he?
What is he not? A shadow in a dream
Is man; but when god sheds a brightness
Shining Light on men,
Then Life is as sweet as honey.


As we come to the end of this tour of Physical Culture, it is useful to look back over the history of the muscular body in a broad sense. In so doing, we get a strong sense of how in past times exercising the body for improved health, strength and beauty has been a very important part of Western culture. It is to Ancient Greece that we look for the roots of Western science, philosophy and culture. We are reminded of the Greek athletes and heroes immortalized in the classic literature and sculpture. Development of a strong and beautiful body seems to have been vitally important to the Greeks both as individuals and in a societal sense.




The key idea here is that one can never separate a man's physical, moral, spiritual and intellectual parts and all should be developed for an optimum whole. The body beautiful has a much wider significance here than the attainment of merely aesthetic qualities. In this society, even the great philosophers, artists and scientists all agreed on the need to develop the capacities of the human body to its fullest potential. It was important in this scheme to develop oneself to the highest possible degree, both physically and mentally, not only to improve your own worth, but also to make yourself more useful to society. Gymnasiums were ever present in the towns of Ancient Greece, and were educational centers equally for both body and mind. They were truly the forerunners of our modern universities. 

To the Ancient Greeks, physical weakness, or lack of ambition in that area, was an inexcusable lapse of ambition in a human being. Not being interested in the health and strength of your own body was something that would not have been understood. It was thought to be each and every person's sacred duty to try and maximize his Arete or overall worth. Physical prowess was a big part of this ideal. Having said this, they recognized that not everyone could achieve physical perfection, but the most common opinion of the day was that all citizens should do their best to develop the abilities of their bodies to the full.

Turning to the Renaissance that took place in the 15th Century, we again see an upsurge of interest in the human body.The great Renaissance artists admired the perfect human form, and placed the muscular ideal at the zenith of everything man should, and could be.


Again, as in Greece, it becomes important for young men to develop both their physical and intellectual sides. The muscular body is again a metaphor for man's ultimate possibilities in other fields of endeavor. The new philosophers and scientists in this era of rejuvenation were drawing, sculpting or painting muscular figures, or were so depicted themselves.

The inescapable conclusion of the time was that man, as represented by the idealized muscular man, was created to achieve his potential both mentally and physically. Towards this aim he should strive for knowledge of himself, the natural world, and his place in it. The result of linking the physical development of man with his wider philosophic and scientific abilities was a linking of these for ordinary individuals as well. As a result, it became quite common for the educated young men of Europe to engage in gymnastic training.

Towards the end of the 18th Century, we again see a revival in Physical Culture throughout Europe. In the first half of the 19th Century, Physical Culture burgeoned, largely in the form of gymnastics. However, in the second half of the 19th Century, a variety of sporting activities became popular right across Europe and America. Many different sports were now practiced for the first time, including athletics, swimming, and ball sports of various kinds.

In addition, bodybuilding exercises with barbells, dumbbells and other pieces of training equipment were engaged in as early as the end of the 18th Century. By the 1870's, interest in strengthening the body through sports and exercise had become a national mania in England. A large number of gymnasiums were opened up over the next 30 years   across Europe, and many hundreds of smaller clubs and dens existed across England. As the 20th Century dawned, it must have seemed as if everyone was engaged in physical jerks and exercises. Writers in the press, in addition to popular writers like H.G. Wells and Thomas Carlyle all praised and idealized the heroic muscular ideal. The industrial revolution and scientific progress were at the same time marching onwards at a seemingly unstoppable pace.


To men like Wells, man's future seemed bright, and his Utopian ideal envisaged a new healthier race of Physical Culturists who banished ill health and physical weakness to the dark and dismal past. To us, these ideas seem incredibly optimistic and even naive, but the overwhelming idea of the day was that mankind was destined, through medical advances, scientific discoveries, and especially Physical Culture, to a healthier future. Many diseases were in fact banished to the past by science, but unfortunately, poverty and the upcoming world war were to crush the views of the optimists such as Wells.

Prior to the first world war, men like Apollon, Cyr and Sandow paraded their muscles on the Vaudeville stage and sold their muscle courses in the tens of thousands. Sandow in fact was one of the most famous men of his time, truly an ambassador for sport, who met and counted as friends much of the aristocracy and intelligentsia of Europe. He appeared in some of Thomas Edison's earliest motion films, and was famous right across the British Empire and the New World. What amazed people about Sandow was his physical appearance, complete with muscles that looked like they were hewn our of marble. Sandow's photographic image was everywhere, in magazines and periodicals of all kinds, in addition to being commonly sold in picture postcards. Sandow's image transcended the man himself, and his nearly naked body must have seemed at the time both futuristic and very much in keeping with the classical Greek ideal. His muscularity was truly the sensation of the age. Never before had anyone seen a body like his, and it is not hyperbole to say that at the turn of the century Eugen Sandow was at the very center of the Physical Culture revolution. In fact he went a long way to causing the boom in popularity of the body beautiful on both sides of the Atlantic.

Written with humour and insight into the popular culture of late Victorian England, David Waller’s book argues that Sandow deserves to be resurrected as a significant cultural figure whose life, like that of Oscar Wilde, tells us a great deal about sexuality and celebrity at the Fin de Siècle. - See more at: http://www.victorianstrongman.com/#sthash.xgRDesXe.dpuf
   
Written with humour and insight into the popular culture of late Victorian England, David Waller’s book argues that Sandow deserves to be resurrected as a significant cultural figure whose life, like that of Oscar Wilde, tells us a great deal about sexuality and celebrity at the Fin de Siècle. - See more at: http://www.victorianstrongman.com/#sthash.xgRDesXe.dpuf
Written with humour and insight into the popular culture of late Victorian England, David Waller’s book argues that Sandow deserves to be resurrected as a significant cultural figure whose life, like that of Oscar Wilde, tells us a great deal about sexuality and celebrity at the Fin de Siècle. - See more at: http://www.victorianstrongman.com/#sthash.xgRDesXe.dpuf
 
Written with humour and insight into the popular culture of late Victorian England, David Waller’s book argues that Sandow deserves to be resurrected as a significant cultural figure whose life, like that of Oscar Wilde, tells us a great deal about sexuality and celebrity at the Fin de Siècle. - See more at: http://www.victorianstrongman.com/#sthash.sOQXtj8l.dpuf
Written with humour and insight into the popular culture of late Victorian England, David Waller’s book argues that Sandow deserves to be resurrected as a significant cultural figure whose life, like that of Oscar Wilde, tells us a great deal about sexuality and celebrity at the Fin de Siècle. - See more at: http://www.victorianstrongman.com/#sthash.sOQXtj8l.dpuf
 - Written with humour and insight into the popular culture of late Victorian England, Waller's book argues that Sandow deserves to be resurrected as a significant cultural figure whose life, like that of Oscar Wilde, tells us a great deal about sexuality and celebrity at the Fin de siècle



By 1910, however, interest in Physical Culture was starting to wane with the general public in Great Britain, and in its purest form it is a sad fact that it would never again see a return to the heights of popularity at that time. The 1914-18 war saw most men in Britain go abroad to fight, and the country largely forgot about the peaceable functions of Physical Culture during these dismal years. However, within a couple of years of the end of hostilities, those men lucky enough to come home were returning to re-opened Gymnasia throughout England.

Continued . . . 


Intermediate Training - John Kuc

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 - On August 24th, 1985, the Los Angeles Police Department Powerlifting Team had the privilege of the legendary John Kuc presenting a powerlifting seminar and lifting exhibition. John did his exhibition first, working up to a 'light' squat of 715. He then proceeded to do his deadlift routine, ending with three sets of triples using 715, 745, and 775 lbs. He informed us this was his first heavy deadlift workout since competing in the Drug Free Nationals a month earlier. We were stunned by his strength.

Next, Kuc gave a 45 minute lecture covering his routine, cycles, theories and nutritional philosophy. He then stayed and answered questions until there were no more. 

The next day when I dropped John off at the airport he made me promise to write him and inform him of any negative feedback I got. To this day, all I have heard are positive comments. Lt. John Mutz and I found Kuc's seminar and exhibition well prepared and well executed. Kuc is a professional person in every sense of the word. His fee was very reasonable and we got every penny's worth. We would highly recommend him to any individual or organization considering hiring his services.

One last note. On the drug free issue, Kuc never preached or made judgement on others. He merely stated it was his choice to compete in a drug free manner. He was also candid about his prior steroid use.

Of all the powerlifting related events that have occurred in my life. the one I am most proud of is calling John Kuc my friend. 

 - John Chamness 






Your first year of weight training is finished. You should be ready to enter the intermediate training stage. Your body is now developed to the proper level which will enable you to progress through more difficult and advanced training. If you still have any bad lifting habits you should break them now. Bad lifting habits and style can be costly in later years. They are also harder to dispose of then. During the intermediate stage you will be working on powerlifting methods and doing a fair amount of bodybuilding. The weights will become heavier and the repetitions will be lower. You have been training for only one year, so you must expect some aspects of your new training routine to be similar to what you did in your first year. If you have been faithful to the program up to this point you should be in excellent shape. There are, however, many things to experience and your body must undergo much more conditioning. During the next year you will acquire a great deal more conditioning and experience.

The intermediate stage is a time when lifters must start thinking for themselves. Entering one or two contests during your second year of training will most assuredly have you doing some fine thinking on your own. The best time to schedule these contests would be at the end of the second four months or the third four months of the intermediate stage. Please do not go into these contests planning to go the limit on your attempts. Remember that you do not have that much experience and your body cannot take the limit attempts yet. For the present a contest should be more of a learning experience instead of a head-to-head competition. How you place in these first two contests does not matter, but what you learn will most definitely affect how you place in future contests. Go into the contest with the idea of winning; just do not let the unfamiliar pressures of your first contest lead you to do anything foolish. Experiencing a contest or two at this stage in your career will give you an idea of contest procedure, competition, following instructions and rules, and applying lifting strategy under actual conditions. Competition will give you a good idea of how training reps relate to what you do in a contest and provide invaluable feedback needed for the next contest.

Before you begin your second year, plan to take a week of vacation from the stresses, pain and regimentation of weight training. When you start up again reduce your last training poundages a little. Work back to your best, eventually surpassing it to attain the new goals set for yourself.


 1st Four Month Routine 
Intermediate Stage

Monday

1)  Warmup, stretch
2) Abdominals: 
Knee-ins 3x10
Leg Raise 2x40
Side Bend 2x30
3) Squat:
warmups 15, 8, 6
6 sets of 5 reps
4) Deadlift:
warmups 10, 8, 6
6x5
5) Lat Bar Row 3x8
6) Lat Bar Pulldown 3x8
7) Leg Extension 3x10
8) Leg Curl 3x10
9) Calf Raise 4x12


Tuesday

1) Warmup, stretch
2) Adominals: 
same as Monday
3) Bench Press:
warmups 15, 10, 8
6x5
4) Preacher Curl 3x8
5) Standing Dumbbell Curl 3x8
6) Pressdown 3x8
7) Lying Triceps Extension 3x8
8) Wrist Curl 3x12
9) Reverse Wrist Curl 3x12
10) Standing Press 3x8
11) Side Lateral Raise 3x8
12) Rear Deltoid Raise 3x8


Thursday:
Same as Monday

Friday:
Same as Tuesday


Why are you entering your second year of training using a power routine consisting of 6 sets of 5 repetitions? The 6x5 routine is not new. It is a popular method of building power for athletes that strength coaches frequently use. Six sets of five reps, if used correctly, builds power relatively fast for an athlete who is conditioned, but not experienced in weight training. The reason you will be using the 6x5 routine is you are in a transition period. You have experience, but are not ready to subject yourself to the continuous pounding and abuse that advanced powerlifting is going to inflict on your body. A compromise is reached between high and low repetitions and light and heavy weight with the potential remaining to develop power.

The 6x5 routine has some pitfalls a lifter can consciously or unconsciously fall into. A characteristic of the 6x5 workout is the high number of sets and reps. Properly done, each set should be aprogressively heavier weight. If the same weight is handled for each of the six sets progress would eventually stop. For example, if you could easily handle the same weight for 6x5 you could not possibly induce overload in the muscles being worked. The overload principle states that a muscle grows larger or stronger only when required to perform tasks that place loads on it over and above previous requirements. Why can't you achieve overload in the muscles using the same weight for all six sets? In order to complete six sets with the same weight, the weight used would have to be light enough so fatigue would not build and make the last two or three sets impossible. You might ask, "What if I use a weight that is constant for all six sets, but heavy enough to make me work hard enough from the first set through the sixth set?" The first set could be heavy enough to build strength. By the time you have done three or four heavy sets, your body could not handle the remaining sets in good form; even though you were lucky enough to make all the repetitions. The cumulative effect of working out so heavy so often would soon have you ready for the scrap heap. A heavy, high-rep program is highly specialized. It should be used by advanced lifters for only very short periods of time. Severe overwork will occur otherwise.

In deciding what weight to start with for the 6x5 system, we have to develop a starting point. The weight you handled in the 3x8 program (the previous program) will be what the starting poundages are based on. The way you will work the routine is use different weight for each set of 5 reps, working from a light weight on the first set of five to medium weights; finally heavier weights on the last sets. The initial sets ease your body into a heavy lifting state. The six sets play a triple role. One is to prepare your body for a heavy lifting state in the safest and easiest way possible. The next is to build strength and the last is to familiarize you with the specific lifting movement through actual experience.

I have listed certain poundages in the sample routine. These poundages are to be used only as a rough guideline and must not be interpreted as the poundage you should be using. You may be able to use a lot more weight, or maybe even less. Everyone is different. Each person progresses at their own rate. Try different poundages in the new 6x5 routine. Use the first two or three workouts to experiment. Your first set of fives could be ten, fifteen, twenty pounds heavier than what you finished the 3x8 routine with. The last three sets of five should work you fairly hard. On the last set really make yourself work. I do not mean the gut busting, low gear, nearly static push you see in competitions. That is strictly for maximum single attempts by an experienced lifter. What I am getting at is if you did five reps and were to try a sixth, you would probably not make it.

Let's use the squat as an example for adapting the 3x8 routine to the 6x5 routine.

Imaginary lifter's progress from the first day of training through the first y ear (beginner's stage).

1st day - 3x8 with 110 lbs
End of 1st month - 3x8@135
End of 2nd month - 3x8@155
End of 3rd month - 3x8@170
End of 4th month - 3x8 @185
End of 6th month - 3x8 @195
End of 7th month - 3x8@205
End of 8th month - 3x8@215
End of 9th month - 3x8@225
End of 10th month - 3x8@250
End of 11th month - 3x8@260
End of 12th month - 3x8@275

The imaginary lifter finished the first year squatting 3x8@275 lbs. We will take the 275 pound figure and see how it could work in the 6x5 routine.

Warmups - 15@135/8@150/6@185
5@225
5@250
5@265
5@280
5@290
5@300

     
  












Lee Moran Squat Routine (1985)

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12 Week Squat Routine
Lee Moran


This is a 12-week program for intermediate lifters who can squat 600 coming into the routine. The goal of the program is to squat 640 at the end of the 12 weeks, an improvement of 40 lbs, which to me seems a realistic goal.

The first thing you must do is to make sure you have the right equipment - belt, shoes, wraps, etc. For footgear I prefer hightop, flat-soled leather tennis shoes. I like these because they seem to give me more balance and stability. For a belt, the thick suede ones seem the most comfortable for me. Wraps are an individual preference, as are squatting suits.

I do not recommend using belts and wraps during a training cycle until about one-third of the way through. For this routine I would don them at the 475-500 lb level.

Also, I do not wear my suit until the day of the meet. It's my belief that you've worn it in enough meets to know what to expect, and a little surprise on meet day is always nice, especially when the surprise comes in the form of a 40 lb increase in your squat.

As far as form is concerned, I try to keep my knees directly in line with my ankles as much as possible during the descent. On the ascent, explosion and keeping your head up are the keys.

For assistance work, after finishing up on squats I do hack squats, 5 sets of 6 reps, increasing weight on each set. Then it's on to hamstring curls for between 6-8 sets of 8 reps, depending on how I feel. This whole ordeal is ended with calf work, 5 sets of 12 reps. This routine should be done every fourth day.

On the 17th, 18th and 19th squat workouts I recommend doing 1 or 2 sets of box squats right after your top set of full squats with about 50 lbs over your top set for that day. Three reps should suffice. The box or bench used should allow you to be about 2 inches from the parallel position. You should walk out from the racks and set up just like a regular squat, only with the box or bench underneath you. The box squats are to prepare you mentally and physically for the next day.

This routine is going to seem easy in the beginning stages. This is to help the body adapt to the ever-increasing poundages without burning out the mind. Believe me, the last few weeks are going to require a lot of mental as well as physical output.     










Triceps Power Cheats - Chuck Sipes (1966)

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Bench press power is generated in three different muscle groups – deltoids, pectorals and triceps. At the moment the brain triggers the signal to drive that monstrous weight off the chest, the three muscle groups leap into action, and as a coordinated unit, each group presumably exerting maximum effort, acts to launch that load into the weightlessness of the locked out position. However, inherent in any shared effort lies the possibility that someone may be dogging it, relaxing a little. The history of weight training has proved to e a constant game of hide and seek. Truant muscles are no longer safe from the prying efforts of modern power lifters. In the case of the bench press, the triceps, with its natural capacity for development, became suspect when it appeared to be riding on the efforts of the delts and pecs.

At first no one could say for sure. Maybe it was the delts. So they tried military presses. They didn’t prove to help the bench press a great deal. Then they figured maybe it was the pecs. So they tried parallel dips with plenty of weight. Pat Casey did them endlessly, dropping to an extremely low position, but they ground up his shoulders, and he stopped. Extreme range of motion like the military and dip was out, the pecs and delts were out. That left the triceps, Isolated exercises through a full range of muscle movement, although proven best for development, do not satisfy the heavy “group firing” demands of muscles used in power lifting. This raised the question: Where is the triceps the strongest? The answer to that , if you stop to think, is the short chop motion before the lockout. But since the first part of the bench press is all delts and pecs, the triceps never really gets going until the upper lockout stage. Here is this big muscle with all its potential riding through the lift on the momentum of the pecs and delts. And if you think again, where does the movement usually stall out? That’s right – just short of the lockout.

Thus comes into being the “Triceps Power Cheats,” a movement that is spanking the triceps into unprecedented effort and routing prone records up the line. The movement flanks the regular bench press on the alternate workout of the week in which the bench press and bench squats are practiced. In terms of two workouts a week, Saturday (heavy) and Tuesday, the power cheats fall on Tuesday. Naturally this triceps work follows the regular bench press program. They are done on both the flat bench and high incline. The additional power one can get from these cheating triceps movements can positively increase your bench press limit.

The first triceps movement is done on the flat bench. The bar can be placed across the bench just behind the head and pulled over into the press position above the forehead as Bill West does them. Or each repetition may be a complete pullover and triceps extension lower the bar nearly to the floor as Pat Casey prefers to do them. By doing a complete pullover for each tricep rep Casey gets the added lat development and rib box expansion of the compounded movement. This brings up the fact that the lats also assist the initial bench press movement. The lats act like a shelf on which the triceps rest when the bar is across the chest preparatory to pressing. A sudden firing of the lat muscle gives the triceps an initial thrust upwards. Heavy triceps further increase this advantage. The additional meat and power both act to increase this thrust. The power triceps extensions give the desired size and strength.

Bill West does a pullover to the chest, taking the bar off the bench directly behind the head. He sets a narrow grip, his thumbs one inch to one inch and a half inside the knurling. The chest is merely a good position from which to start the exercise since the bar never touches the chest again during the set. From the chest the bar is rocked to a bent arm position just behind the head, elbows up. From this position the bar is driven up and somewhat forward to a locked elbows position. The elbows are kept high throughout the set, and only the bar is lowered behind the head each time. It is sort of a half pullover triceps extension movement. It could be called Pullover Triceps Cheat.

West uses a towel of pad behind his head on the bench in case his knuckles rap the bench. He does not try for a pump. This is purely a power exercise, a half cheating movement designed to strengthen the triceps through the lockout phase. Increased triceps size comes as a natural byproduct of the movement. It is not an effort to pump the triceps because a full pump would inhibit the full power thrust.

It is characteristic of power lifters to get an enormous pump with only a few continuous low-rep sets. They have the ability to exert full fire-power on every rep, a capability the average bodybuilder does not have. This points to another possibility in bodybuilding: Greater pump and development through more intense concentration and total firepower. Pat Casey, for example, with his capability for massive fire-power, is able to pump himself to a complete standstill with five sets of five on any exercise. They observe with doubt any power lifting programs that show a high number of reps in many consecutive sets.

Bill West’s Triceps Power Cheat routine:
135 – 10
185 – 5
205 – 5
205 – 1
255 – 6 singles
No flush out set
Bill has done 290 maximum single.

Pat Casey , on the other hand, proceeds somewhat differently on the same exercise. He takes the pullover from the floor and continues the movement as a triceps extension straight to the top. Unlike Bill West’s method, Pat lowers the bar to the floor each time, which calls on the lats and further effects the triceps. This move may be called a Full Pullover Triceps Extension.

Pat Casey’s routine:
135 – 10
225 – 5
275 – 5
305 – 3
325 – 1
340 – 1
355 – 1
370 – 1
325 – 1
305 – 1
275 – 8

Casey does the starting rep by pulling over from the floor, but he has another method of taking the weight from the supports of the prone bench while in a sitting position. With the bar in the clean position at the shoulders he hooks his feet around the base of the bench and lowers his back to the bench. From there he can lower the pullover position and start the movement. This eliminates the big effort of getting the bar off the floor on the initial rep and in a manner of speaking “cocks” the muscle like a gun. He can handle any of the weights listed above in this manner. He can come to a sitting position, on completion of a set, with the weight at the shoulders, and place the bar back in the rack, no small feat of situp strength.

After the flat position comes the incline position. A 60 degree incline bench is optimum. West prefers to take his bar out of the squat rack while on the incline bench or merely clean it and then sit on the bench. Either way a narrow grip, thumbs about six inches apart, is used, and the movement extends only from a position directly above the forehead to arms length lockout. The upper arm is held in the same vertical plane as the bar. The hands are turned so that the bar rests across the palms, directly over the wrists so that the forearm does the supporting, and not the bent back of the hand. If the wrists tend to hurt in this position, the grip may be widened somewhat, but there is better triceps action with the narrower grip. The entire movement is a half-press only. Bill, on occasions, prefers the triceps pump he gets from this movement if he lowers the bar to the chest each rep, still with the narrow grip. Short, quick pumps make this exercise. This exercise follows the flat bench triceps work.

Bill West’s routine:
135 – 10
150 – 10
170 – 7 sets 7

Casey does his own version of this exercise which may be called the Power Rack Triceps Lockout. He places the 60 degree incline bench under the power rack and presses the bar off the pins placed at forehead level. He uses a narrow grip and does short, quick, pump press movements. If he goes very heavy on the flat bench triceps work, he will make this movement more of a triceps pump exercise, and it goes simply like this:
226 – 6 sets 7 reps

As a final tag on this triceps day Bill may do sitting French Curls with the barbell weighing only about 100 pounds – 3 sets, 10 reps.
It becomes apparent the great role the triceps plays in bench pressing when two national power lifting champions like West and Casey become emphatic about Triceps Power Cheating exercises. They have proved its validity with every contest as their records continue to soar.

Casey at the Bench - Jeff Everson

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More on Pat Casey:
http://ditillo2.blogspot.ca/2010/12/im-going-to-bench-press-600-pounds-pat.html
http://ditillo2.blogspot.ca/2008/04/pat-casey-part-one-bruce-wilhelm.html
http://ditillo2.blogspot.ca/2008/04/may-1968-september-2o-1969-police.html






It's 6:00 a.m. but it's already starting to warm up in California's high desert. A big man, with powerful arms and shoulders, is up and about on his ranch property on the fringe of the Lucerne Valley. There's work to be done. After all, life doesn't often wait for a man who prefers to spend his winters holed up inside somewhere or minds his summers sitting sweatless, sipping lemonade in front of a noisy fan. No sir, if ya thing that, life's sure to pass you by. 

Pat Casey found out as much years ago. Born into the lower middle class life in the bowls of southwest L.A., Pat hardly knew his dad; but his mom, now that was a different story altogether. Mrs. Casey was the stubborn kind, something right out of an old Irish working class tale, she was. Befittingly, she took to raising young Patrick right, straight and narrow, stressing those good Irish virtues of forthrightness, honesty, and love for purposeful labor. Oh, did young Pat love labor. For the last 45 years he has kept his Irish eyes open and remembered those pearls of wisdom from his mother, who was as much a saint to him as Nixon's mother was to the former President.

Growing up in the hype of a turbulent neighborhood where Tina Turner's description of 'rough' was certainly apropos, Pat found out that success was determined less by who you ran with and more by your long term vision. Our young, impressionable Patrick turned out no different than dozens of others who overcompensate in the face of hoodlum mania. As long ago as age 12, Pat remembers the terrifying local toughs, the bullies who always seemed regularly beaten about by their fathers, if they had one at all. Yeah, the guys with the chips on their shoulders larger than the solidified remains of the biggest baddest cow in the stockyard. You know the ones, the James Dean types.

Somehow our boy persevered and pulled through with his ego intact. In fact, at George Washington High School, Pat did all the things normal boys did, especially dreaming of being a pro football star. At 14, the would-be Bronco Nagurski took to the weights, just like any other pukey 135-lb freshman. At that juncture, the similarities ended, because while the other guys merely used the barbells, Casey became seduced and enthralled by the sound and smell of the cold steel, by the invigorating power the iron produced. As a thirsty mosquito stalking someone's sweat on a steamy evening, Pat took to the barbells, and when it came to the bench press . . . well, that was a special sort of attraction!     

Yes, brothers and sisters, you can talk and talk all you want, but when it comes to heaving prodigious benches, there is but one king. One man stands alone as the greatest pioneer of supinely pushed weight. Pat Casey was the man, is the man, and forever will be the man, when it comes to bench pressing.

In those early formative days, Pat come into George Redpath's Gym at least as frequently as the tide comes in. Pat stumbled upon some early gems of training, authored by Canadian powerhouse Doug Hepburn and eclectic Marvin Eder, a paragon of strength who justifiably lays claim to being the greatest prodigy of power who ever breathed Earth's free air. Training his benches for heavy sets of five repetitions, the 'Case' began forging the force of a thousand angry pistons into his pectorals, triceps and deltoids. He was, to say the least, an oddity amongst the super supiners! Even though he swears to a big grand-daddy and stocky womanhood on his ma's side, his prowess can not be attributed to genetic superiority, as Pat is a small boned man. "I was average in every regard and didn't seem to have any special strength, at least nothing I was aware of," says Pat. What he did have, though, was that great mom who taught him all about hard work and purposeful labor.

Hard work is what Casey believed in. "To this day, he says, "I still don't think I've ever met anyone who trained as hard as I did!" Take the summer between his senior years in high school, for instance. During that short four month time Pat gained 50 lbs in bodyweight. He did nothing but eat, sleep drink milk and train. One man in Redpath's Gym who gave Pat friendly guidance was Gene Mozee, a bencher of considerable repute himself. Mozee taught Pat to condition his body with bodybuilding as well as to bench mammoth tonnages. Mozee knew whereof he spoke, benching 425 officially at a bodyweight of 180. Even with the juice flowing around these days that's one bodaciously bad lift!

Now, lest you think these 50 lbs weren't the tiger-type stuff, Pat had bench pressed 430 already, and he was still a senior in high school, weighing 230 lbs. Remembering his bodybuilding background (and some small contest success), Pat decided to try for the Mr. Teenage America title in 1957. Knowing little of losing weight (this is a guy who thought only of getting bigger) Pat just cut his milk a bit, and that's about as cut as he got . . . a bit! The biggest teen in the contest, Pat settled into fifth place behind Mike Ferraro. And that was the end of bodybuilding.

By this time Casey's five sets of five had become more like ten sets of five as he continued to train like a man possessed. At the same time, he intensified his training, left the familiarity of high school, and ventured into the real world. The first upright thing to do was take a job. As his mom used to say to him, "Got to get a job, Pat. It'll keep you out of trouble." So he did, and it did. Actually, Pat was less concerned about staying out of trouble than figuring out a plausible way to afford a dairy cow, because that's what he really needed. Milk was still the 'in' thing in those days.

Pat labored as a shipping clerk and even fell in love (not with the bench, this time with a real live girl). Soon, he set himself to the task of becoming the strongest entrepreneur in all of L.A. He bought a juice bar at what had by now become Bill Pearl's Gym. He worked himself into being a distributor of a delectable variety of weight gain protein powder, known as MUSCLE-ON. The old story of eating up all the profits proved true, as Pat disbursed most of the nitrogenous stuff to his bulbous pectorals. A year later he had taken to managing a gym in Bellflower, California (yes, the same home of that other famous California Irishman, Jerry Quarry). He was thinking of opening a second gym in Norwalk as visions of Jack LaLanne danced in his head. After another year had passed, he decided to give away the MUSCLE-ON rights (a move he later regretted), and moved to Norwalk, setting himself up in training and business there.

Pat was now 25, and all this time his bench press had been cascading forward. Before he turned 20, he benched 500 (the first teen to do so legally). That took place in 1959 when he weighed all of 238 pounds. This still remains an almost impossible feat, especially for a man 73 inches tall and clean as Mr. Clean himself.

Since Pat's chest was his own bomb shelter, he survived the Cuban missile crisis of October, 1962 with nary a concern. He and good friend Steve Marjanian didn't have time to worry about some Russians in Cuba. They left that for the Kennedys. By 1964, in a training session with Marjanian, Pat had benched 600 lbs at a new bodyweight of 287. Marjanian traveled 60 miles each day just to spot Pat in the bench. True friendship!

Pat still owned Norwalk Gym, but was about to let go and join the Police force in Seal Beach, California. Besides, he now did the better part of his training at Bill West's Westside Barbell Club, with guys like West, George Frenn, Len Ingro and other early odd lift greats.

Even though Pat got the 600 by 1964, it took him nearly two more years to do the bugger officially. Shortly after getting it in the gym, he suffered an excruciatingly painful injury to one of his pectoral muscles, a pain he still feels today. He was doing parallel dips with added weight. In this case he had he had 375 lbs strapped around his hips, which with the addition of his 300 lb bodyweight meant he was lifting nearly 700 lbs (the Eder influence, you see). Succumbing to some friendly gym taunts (why anyone would want to taunt Casey is beyond me) to go lower in his dips, Pat did. He still remembers the sickening sound of his flesh tearing as he did. The injury set him back two years.

Circa 1966, Leo Stern was a big promoter of bodybuilding and strength in the San Diego area. Seeing the phenomenal growth of Powerlifting between the years of 1964-66, Stern decided to get into the act in a big way and promote a contest of the giants. Competition would be on an invitational basis, so it would include only the best and would cut across several weight classes.

The bombers flew in for the heavyweight class. The giant Texas, Terry Todd, had defeated Gene Roberson for the National Powerlifting title. He was undefeated and Stern saw fit to bring him to the West Coast to do battle with Pat. Casey was undefeated too, with the only problem being he had yet to prove himself against anyone, whereas Todd had. Reputations were clearly on the line. The gym rats were at it again, taunting Pat that he would surely meet his match when the Texas Tornado came to town. Pat was training in a frenzy, but suffered a bad back strain only two weeks before the meet. He couldn't back down at this point, so for the last few weeks he rested and sat in hot whirlpool baths instead of training.

The animals emerged, full force. George Frenn was on hand to squat 600 lbs with an ankle to knee cast on! Terry put up a 480 lb bench and Pat responded with a record 590 (in those days the bench was done first). Pat was worried about the squat. He had done 725 in the gym before he hurt his back, and he expected Todd to be good for close to 700, if not more. Todd proved true to his buildup and pounded up a big 680. Pat caught fire and blasted out an immense lifts of 775 lbs, another record. With the contest no longer in doubt, Pat pulled a light 600 lb deadlift, deciding to take it easy on his back. Before the contest, he actually had designs on a 700 lb effort, but discretion was the better part of valor in the Sixties too.

Meanwhile, Todd figures he would show the upstart a thing or two anyway, and deadlifted and easy 740. He then made a quick calculation that showed he was only 65 lbs behind Pat. Realizing he couldn't get the 800-plus he needed with his short-fingered grip problems, he opted to try the load with straps, to let the crowd no the power was there. Terry pulled the big 804 to his knees, but could not straighten out with the load. Casey had won! Pat, the gentleman he is, promised Todd a rematch at a later National Championship, but it never came off. Pat still regrets that he didn't give Todd another shot at him.

Casey moved on. In a later meet in 1966 he lifted 580 lbs in the bench, but made an 805 squat and a 640 deadlift, with a close miss at 675, even though his sciatic nerve always bothered him (Pat never did get in much deadlift training and besides, good benchers are seldom great in the deadlift). When he did this, Pat was the first to officially bench 600 lbs and total 2000! His total of 2035 was considered the world record.

Still, he wasn't finished. With his bodyweight approaching 330 lbs, Pat nailed down a 615 bench press in June of 1967. In  training, Pat did a touch-and-go in extremely strict style with 635. Later, he competed in the L.A. Powerlifting Championships. He was too conservative with his bench attempts, finishing with a ridiculously easy 620. He later figured he was so strong that day that he could have done a double with the weight. Pat asked for a fourth attempt, but in those days such things were unheard of.

In the squat, Pat made a strong 755 lbs and also blasted through with an 825, but got two red lights. Undaunted, he pulled an easy 630 deadlift with no training on it at all because of his old sciatic nerve injury. Had he been credited with the squat, he would he\ave totaled the big 2100 lbs, unheard of in those days. Pat's best official lifts total 2075 lbs, whereas unofficially he went 2115 via 635 bench, 805 squat, and 675 deadlift. It is conceivable if Pat had stayed with it for another six months that he could have hit a 630 pause bench, 840 squat, and 700 deadlift for 2170 in 1967! That would be with a full 2-second pause on the bench while wearing a strap T-shirt, without heavy knee wraps, a tight suit or 'super supplements.'

Pat had always been concerned with his health and by now his blood pressure was higher than Wilt Chamberlain's head. The day after his 620 bench, Pat started his diet. After all, Todd was easing out of the limelight, Gene Roberson had decided to use his PhD to make some money, and Pat wanted to be able to see his own feet again. Furthermore, although Bob Weaver was hefting some big totals, no one was around in Casey's Bench league (although Stan Holland was claiming 580 in the gym). Pat began to see something else, steroids, and he didn't like what he saw.

So, the big man did what any logical man would do. The day after his bench he went to the local track by himself. He started running, but barely finished a quarter mile. One year later to the day, some 100 lbs lighter and with a waistline 15 inches slimmer, Pat ran a mile in 6 minutes, 17 seconds. His blood pressure was normal. Pat Casey would never bench heavy again. 









   





Advanced Bench Press Training - John Kuc (1986)

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Advanced Bench Press Training Routine
by
John Kuc
(1986)


There is no better demonstration of upper body power than the bench press. The bench press is pure unadulterated power from its motionless beginning on the chest through its straight line of vertical travel to lockout. It is a lift that is done with a smaller ration of muscle to weight than the squat or deadlift. Squatters and deadlifters may feel a bit put out by the popularity of the bench press, but you really cannot blame the unenlightened public.  






Powerful arms, shoulders and chest are the first images that come to mind when people think of a strong person. Their concept is further reinforced when they see champion bench pressers like Mike Hall, Pat Casey, Mel Hennessy, Larry Pacifico and Bill Kazmaier in person. The upper bodies of these gentlemen are enormous.


Training the Bench Press

My bench press training was influenced by Jim Williams and Pat Casey. I use the word "influenced" because I am not the same person as Jim Williams or Pat Casey. Accepting their routines as the last word and never  thinking or innovating for myself would eventually have led to a halt in progress. These two men have obviously perfected routines that work best for them. You will do well by seeking all the advice you can from champions, them put it together with a knowledge of yourself to make up a routine that is for you.

There was no way I could do Jim's routine for the bench five days a week and make progress. My leverages were different and I had a mental block about the bench press. Because it was always difficult for me to make progress, I settled on a routine better suited to my body. It was done two times per week, heavy and light, supplemented by 3 sets of 3 forced reps once per week. This method worked well and steady progress started. Soon I was convinced that 600 lbs was within my capabilities and began the physical work necessary to attain it. Then, 10 months later, with tons of hard work, 600 was mine. 
When I reduced bodyweight and became a 242-pounder, I realized some changes were necessary in my bench program. The forced reps had run their course of usefulness and the new leverages and bodyweight had to be trained differently. After I reduced to 242 my bench bottomed out at a tough single with 425 lbs. I needed to build basic power, so my new routine was to bench twice per week with one heavy and one light day. 

The heavy day was centered around 3 heavy sets of 3 reps done with max weights. If I felt tired or overworked I still did 3x3, only with a lighter weight. Sometimes on light week was not even to recover, so two or three weeks were done light. This system worked well and my bench slowly approached and then exceeded the 500 lb mark. 

Assistance work was utilized. The favorite and most effective for me was the close grip bench press with a 4-inch hand spacing between the hands. I also liked the lying triceps extension with the EZ-curl bar. Both exercises  were done with 4 sets of 6 with as heavy a weight as possible. 

Eight to ten weeks before a contest I would discontinue all bench press assistance work. During this period I would concentrate on the bench press, going as heavy as I could for 3 sets of 3 reps. I would back off, rest, then build the triples back up and surpass my previous heavy triples. This small and simple cycle would be repeated until it was time to start easing up, usually ten days before a contest. At this time I would test myself with a heavy, but not maximum, single. From this heavy single I determined my opening attempt.

The bench press training should consist of a simple, intelligent, effective and productive routine. It is easy to burn out on the bench due to the heavy weights and small muscle mass used. Workout sessions and assistance work have to be scheduled to compliment each other instead of a schedule that cancels out the positive effect of each.  

Patience, many years of training, mind power, making powerlifting the number one priority in your life, and hard word. These are the things that will make you a champion.


Assistance Work

Bench press assistance work is composed of many exercises that involve a wide variety of muscle groups. First consideration had to be given to the chest, shoulders and triceps. These are the main muscles involved in the actual pressing of the bar from the chest to the lockout position. The biceps of the upper arm and the latissimus dorsi in the back contribute substantially to a lifter's control and initial drive. They should not be ignored, if a bench assistance program is to be comprehensive and effective. 

In order to apply different assistance exercises most effectively, the bench press should be broken down into different sections. The first section involves lowering the bar to the chest. Arm biceps and latissimus dorsi give control to the descent of the bar, a very important part of bench pressing. The descent sets up the initial drive off the chest. If the descent is not good, chances are the bench press will suffer. 

The second section is made up of two parts. In the first part the bar is pressed from the chest to midpoint. Pectorals and the latissimus dorsi give the bar initial drive off the chest. The second part is from midpoint to lockout. Here he shoulder muscles (deltoid) and triceps take the bar to lockout.

What you must do is determine where your weaknesses lie and tailor your assistance work to correct these weaknesses. Bear in mind that when you are heavy into assistance work, your bench may go down, but when you drop the assistance work and begin concentrating on the bench you will see the benefits. 

The following are assistance exercises that I have found to help the bench:

1) Bent arm pullover.
2) Lat bar or dumbbell rows.
3) Curling movements.
4) Incline dumbbell press.
5) Lying dumbbell press.
6) Flyes.
7) Lateral raises.
8) Behind neck presses.
9) High incline press.
10) Close grip bench press.
11) Pressdowns.
12) Dips with added weight.
13) Lying triceps extensions.
14) Short range lockouts.
15) Forced reps.


Technique

In any discussion of bench pressing, technique is always a big topic. I feel technique is a personal matter based on body type, leverages and your own personal style. There have been bench press records set with many different techniques. Some individuals have used the maximum allowable width grip, while others have used a narrow grip. Excluding body type and personal leverage, the wide grip would seem to be the most beneficial since the bar will travel the shortest distance and the largest muscle group (chest) will be most involved. I don't advise everyone to switch to this style, and I personally don't use it. I feel this is a personal choice, but you should experiment to find what is right for you. If you do decide to switch hand spacing, remember the change will require some time, since new muscles will come into play.

As far as actual technique, place yourself solidly on the bench with your eyes directly under the bar. Plant your feet firmly and then don't worry about them. Take whatever hand spacing you are comfortable with and either assisted or unassisted, remove the barbell from the racks to a locked out position. Once you have control of the barbell in a locked out position, begin your descent. The speed of descent varies, but you should always have control. I don't advocate the free fall approach, or an agonizingly slow descent. The weight should be lowered to the highest part of your chest. When the referee's signal is given, drive the weight from your chest. The bar should travel in a slight S shape. As the bar leaves the chest it will go slightly forward, then at about the halfway point, it will begin to drift back towards your head until lockout. 

Whatever style of bench pressing you are using there is one rule that will apply. You should always use strict form. It is senseless to bounce the bar off your chest and raise your hips from the bench just to handle a few more pounds. Your training should be done in the same manner that you will have to do it in competition.


Samples of Different Possible Routines

Sample 1) Heavy: 
warmups - 135x15, 205x10, 275x6, 300x3,325x2, 355x1.
work sets - 315x3, 330x3, 350x3.
1) Light:
warmups - 1355, 205x10, 275x6, 300x3, 325x2.  
Med-heavy single - 365x1.
Single - 375x1.
work set - 320x3.


Sample 2) Heavy:
warmups - 135x10, 225x8, 350x6, 400x4.
work sets - 415x3, 430x2, 440x2, 450x2, 465x2.
2) Light:
warmups -135x10, 225x8, 325x6, 375x4.
work sets - 400x3, 425x2, 430x2.

Sample 3) Heavy:
warmups - 135x15, 225x8, 300x6, 330x5, 375x3.
work sets - 400x2, 410x1, 415x1, 425x1, 430x1, 430x1.
3) Light:
warmups - 135x15, 225x8, 300x6, 320x5, 350x3.
work sets - 375x2, 400x1, 420x1.

Sample 4) Heavy:
warmups - 175x8, 225x7, 260x6, 300x5, 320x4, 350x3.
medium-heavy singles - 375x1, 390x1, 420x1.
work sets - 360x3, 370x3, 385x3.
4) Light:
warmups - 175x8, 225x7, 260x6, 300x5, 320x4, 335x3.
medium singles - 350x1, 365x1.
work set - 370x3.

Sample 5) Heavy:
warmups - 135x10, 170x9, 200x8, 210x7, 250x6, 300x5.
work sets - 315x4, 350x3, 400x2, 450x1.
5) Light:
warmups - 135x10, 170x9, 200x8, 210x7, 2500x6, 300x5.
work sets - 315x4, 325x3, 360x2, 415x1.


Points to Remember

1) Determine what is best for YOU.
2) Don't overtrain.
3) Be patient.
4) Use assistance work wisely.
5) Always use good form.
       













 

Intermediate Bench Press Routine - John Kuc

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Maurice Jones








The following program is designed for the intermediate lifter. It is based on a 300 lb bench press. I have not taken bodyweight into consideration, but a 165-pounder and a 220-pound lifter will progress at different speeds. As far as gains from this routine, a 220-lb person starting at a 300 bench should look for 325-330, while a 165 pounder might get 310-320. In my mind, a 15 lb increase from this routine should be considered good progress, but 15-30 is the range depending on bodyweight, experience, and effort put into the workouts. Regardless of bodyweight the key to this program is in the work sets. You must really work hard and add weight whenever possible.

One very important rule is do not sacrifice good form in order to handle more weight. All you will do is develop bad lifting habits which will be very difficult to break. A good guideline for adding weight is when you have completed two consecutive workouts.

This is a 16-week program divided into two 8-week sections. The Bench Press workout is to be done twice per week. I advocate training the way you compete. This means all reps should be done with pauses.

For the first 8 weeks do the same bench press workout on both days of the week. The second 8 weeks will have a different routine for each day.


8-Week Build-Up Routine

Week 1:
Bench Press - 135x10, 175x8, 215x6, 235x6, 245x6, 255x2, 215x8.
Dumbbell Flyes - 3x10.
Close Grip Bench Press - 185x10, 205 x 3 sets of 6reps.
Triceps Extension - 3x8.
Pressdown - 4x8.
EZ Curl - 4x8.
Dumbbell Curl - 4x8.

Week 2 and 3:
Bench Press - 135x10, 175x8, 220x6, 240x6, 250x6, 260x2, 220x8.
Dumbbell Flyes - 3x10.
Close Grip Bench Press - 185x10, 210 x 3 sets of 6 reps.
Triceps Extension - 3x8.
Pressdown - 3x10.
EZ Curl - 4x8
Dumbbell Curl - 4x8.

Week 4:
Bench Press - 135x10, 185x8, 225x6, 245x6, 255x6, 265x2, 225x8.
Dumbbell Flyes - 3x10.
Close Grip Bench Press - 185x10, 215 x 3 sets of 6 reps.
Triceps Extension - 3x8.
Pressdown - 3x10.
EZ Curl - 4x8
Dumbbell Curl - 4x8.

Weeks 5, 6, and 7:
Bench Press: 135x10, 185x8, 230x6, 250x6, 260x6, 270x2, 230x8.
Dumbbell Flyes - 3x10.
Close Grip Bench Press - 185x10, 220 x 3 sets of 6 reps.
Triceps Extension - 3x8.
Pressdown - 3x10.
EZ Curl - 4x8
Dumbbell Curl - 4x8.

Week 8:
Bench Press: 135x10, 185x8, 235x6, 255x6, 265x6, 275x2, 235x8.
Dumbbell Flyes - 3x10.
Close Grip Bench Press - 185x10, 225 x 3 sets of 6 reps.
Triceps Extension - 3x8.
Pressdown - 3x10.
EZ Curl - 4x8
Dumbbell Curl - 4x8.


The second 8 weeks will concentrate more on the Bench Press. The reps will be lower and the bodybuilding will decrease. The first and second bench press training day will have a different amount of reps.

Week 9:
1st Day Bench Press: 135x10, 175x8, 215x6, 245x3, 265x3, 275x2, 245x6.
Triceps Extension - 3x8.
Pressdown - 3x8.
EZ Curl - 3x8.
Dumbbell Curl - 3x8.
2nd Day Bench Press: 135x10, 175x8, 215x6, 245x3, 275x2, 285x2, 285x2, 260x4.
Same  bodybuilding as 1st day.

Week 10:
1st Day Bench Press: 135x10, 175x8, 215x6, 250x3, 270x3, 280x2, 245x6.
Triceps Extension - 3x8.
Pressdown - 3x8.
EZ Curl - 3x8.
Dumbbell Curl - 3x8.
2nd Day Bench Press: 135x10, 175x8, 215x6, 250x3, 280x2, 290x2, 290x2, 265x4.
Same  bodybuilding as 1st day.

Week 11 and 12:
1st Day Bench Press: 135x10, 175x8, 220x6, 255x3, 275x3, 285x2, 250x6.
Triceps Extension - 3x8.
Pressdown - 3x8.
EZ Curl - 3x8.
Dumbbell Curl - 3x8.
2nd Day Bench Press: 135x10, 175x8, 220x6, 255x3, 285x2, 295x2, 295x2, 270x4.
Same  bodybuilding as 1st day.

Week 13:
1st Day Bench Press: 135x10, 175x8, 220x6, 255x3, 275x3, 290x3, 285x3, 250x6.
Triceps Extension - 3x8.
Pressdown - 3x8.
Dumbbell Curl - 3x8.
2nd Day Bench Press: 135x10, 175x8, 220x6, 255x3, 285x2, 300x2, 295x2, 270x4.
Same  bodybuilding as 1st day of this week.

Week 14:
1st Day Bench Press: 135x10, 175x8, 220x6, 255x3, 290x1, 300X1, 310x1, 280x3.
2nd Day Bench Press: 135x10, 175x8, 220x6, 255x3, 290x1, 305x1, 310x1, 280x3.

Week 15:
1st Day Bench Press: 135x10, 175x8, 220x6, 255x3, 290x1, 305X1, 315x1, 285x3.
2nd Day Bench Press: 135x10, 175x8, 220x6, 255x3, 290x1, 305x1, 285 x 2 sets of 3 reps.

Week 16:
Contest on Saturday.
Tuesday of that week:
Bench Press - 135x10, 175x8, 220x4, 255x2, 290x1, 305x1.

At the contest, your attempts in the bench should range something like 280-285, 300-310, 320-330, depending on the progress you've made in the routine.

The weights will have to be adjusted for individual needs. Regardless of weights used strive to complete all sets in every workout. If you can do this you will make progress.



 
  
 

Ernie Frantz's Ten Commandments of Powerlifting - 2nd Edition

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I wrote this book because I have something to contribute to the sport of powerlifting. I do not plan to waste your time, and I certainly do not want to waste my own. This book covers it all for beginning and advanced powerlifters, bodybuilders, casual weightlifters and those interested in the correct form of the big three lifts. It contains most of what I have learned in over 50 years of powerlifting!

Over the years, I have seen many men publish their ’secrets.' I have no secrets. What I do have is a successful way in which you can further (or start) your powerlifting career. I will not tell you to do anything that I have not done with success in the past.

I have trained many champions. All of them achieved their success through the use of my Ten Commandments. I stress the basics because so many lifters forget them in clutch situations. People are not machines. The only way in which a human can master a set of instructions is to do them and do them and do them . . .

This book was written for future champions. The sex or gender of the reader is not important. What is important is a spirit and drive to advance oneself. If your goal is POWER, I suggest you read on.
This book covers everything from the proper method of performing the big three: squat, bench press, and deadlift. The ten commandments and details of overcoming challenges and solid advice. Concepts of mindset and psychological and philosophical approaches to strength training. An outline of the Frantz routine, supplements, diet, rest and relaxation, spotting, selecting training partners, injuries and rehabilitation, women in powerlifting, and common physical and psychological complaints.

Powerlifting myths, common official competition rules and interviews with some of the sport’s greats!
If you have spent decades in the sport or are just considering a start for improving yourself in your sport or general health, this book is for you.


About the Author
Bodybuilder then World Champion Powerlifter Ernie Frantz is the founder of the Frantz Powerlifting Team and the World Powerlifting Congress. Inventor, adventurer, gym owner, and a genuine kindhearted leader, Ernie Frantz has trained some of the top powerlifters in the world. He embodies the sportsman that most athletes aspire to and continues to contribute to the sport out of sheer passion.







TABLE OF CONTENTS

Foreword – Publisher                                                     vii
Foreword – Ernie Frantz                                                 xi
Man of Iron (Autobiography)                                          1
   Update 2013                                                                8
   The World of Powerlifting . . .                                     14
   Powerlifting                                                                 14
The Big Three                                                                 17
   The Squat                                                                    17
   The Bench Press                                                         25
   The Dead Lift                                                               29
Frantz’s Ten Commandments                                        32
   Frantz’s First Commandment                                      33
   Frantz’s Second Commandment                                 35
   Frantz’s Third Commandment                                     37
   Frantz’s Fourth Commandment                                   38
   Frantz’s Fifth Commandment                                      40
   Frantz’s Sixth Commandment                                     41
   Frantz’s Seventh Commandment                                43
   Frantz’s Eighth Commandment                                   45
   Frantz’s Ninth Commandment                                     46
   Frantz’s Tenth Commandment                                    48
All or None Concept                                                       57
   Psychological Blocks                                                  59
Cycles and Goals                                                            63
The Frantz Routine                                                         67
Monday                                                                           67
   Squat                                                                           67
   Deadlift                                                                       68
   Bench                                                                          68
Tuesday                                                                         68
   Squat                                                                          68
   Deadlift                                                                      68
Wednesday                                                                    69
Thursday                                                                        69
   Squat                                                                          69
   Deadlift                                                                       69
   Bench                                                                         69
Friday                                                                            70
Saturday                                                                        70
   Squat                                                                          70
   Deadlift                                                                      70
   Bench                                                                         71
Supplements                                                                  73
The Diet                                                                         76
   Protein Guide                                                             79
Rest and Relaxation                                                      87
Spotting for Safety                                                         89
Training Partners                                                           91
Injuries and Rehabilitations                                           93
Women’s Powerlifting                                                    98
Common Complaints                                                      102
   Sore Joints                                                                 102
   Stretch Marks                                                             103
   Constant Feeling of Fatigue                                        103
Powerlifting Myths                                                         105
   Powerlifters are Dumb                                                105
   Muscle Turns to Fat                                                    105
   Powerlifters are Muscle-Bound                                   107
         Official Rules for the Big Three                                     109
            Squat                                                                          109
               Causes for Disqualification of the Squat                110
            Bench Press                                                                110
               Causes for Disqualification of the Bench Press      110
            Deadlift                                                                        111
               Causes for Disqualification of the Deadlift             111
         Powerlifting Now and in the Future                               112
         The Frantz Health Studio                                               116
         Blaise Boscaccy (1984)                                                 118
Bill Nichols (1984)                                                         121
Francis Rudy Ruettiger (1984)                                      124
Mary Ann Sternberg (1984)                                           127
The Frantz Family in 1984                                             130
Powerlifting Glossary                                                    135
                

Physical Culture, Past, Present and Future (Part Two) - Alan Radley

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In particular during the 1920's, Physical Culture remained popular with the weightlifters who were set to take the development of strength in the human body to new heights. Weightlifters Thomas Inch, Maxick, and Arthur Saxon in England, and the likes of Alan Calvert in America, popularized strength training as never before in a variety of journals and books. Consequently, weightlifting itself, as a means to actually attain improved health and strength, became more popular with young men on both sides of the Atlantic. The 1920's in America saw the emergence of the 'muscles by mail' peddlers, and man like George Jowett, Bernarr Macfadden, Charles Atlas and Earle Liederman all became millionaires selling courses on how, through weightlifting, he body beautiful could be built. Also in America, Alan Calvert sold his revolutionary 'Milo' progressive resistance courses, complete with his famous plate loading 'Milo' barbell sets. By now it was becoming clear that the body beautiful was best developed through progressive weight training.



Dr. Kim Beckwith - "Building Strength: Alan Calvert, TheMilo Barbell Companyand theModernizationofAmerican Weight Training







Siegmund Klein also emerged at this time with a fabulously muscled physique, complete with clearly defined muscularity similar to the great, and at one time incomparable, Eugen Sandow. This was a very different look from the old 'Music Hall' strongmen who were typically barrel chested and with anything but a small middle. By now it had been shown that men could have well defined waist muscles, as shown by Klein. Strangely, Sandow himself had often downplayed the contribution of heavy weightlifting to the development of his physique, despite the fact that this was obviously the way he had attained such fine development. On the other hand, in the 1920's, Klein and others first began to openly advertise the fact that their physiques had been built through hard and heavy weightlifting exercises.

At the same time, in the heart of Europe, the limits of human strength were being explored by the likes of the amazing Charles Rigoulot, who became the first man to clean and jerk 400 lbs. Another who appeared with seemingly superhuman strength at this time was Herman Goerner, who could deadlift over 700 lbs with one hand. 

The Darwin Deadlift by Joe Roark:

Overall, the essential advance in the first 20 years of the new Century was the effective application of scientific principles to Physical Culture, and especially weightlifting. The big idea here being that through scientifically chosen exercises and diet, the human body could be quite literally transformed from the commonly weak one of the time into a positive paragon of strength and health. Englishmen like Thomas Inch and W.A. Pullum pioneered scientific principles as applied to heavy weightlifting during the first two decades of the new Century, leading the way to even greater increases in strength then previously thought possible. As the 1930's arrived, Physical Culture once again became quite popular with the general public throughout Europe. Gymnastics and outdoor exercises were particularly popular at this time. Also in America, weightlifting really took off for the first time and some great new American lifters emerged.    

During the 1930's, American trainers like Mark Berry began to popularize one of the real secrets to strength development, which is the use of progressively heavier weights. Therefore, the squat exercise became popular during this time. In addition, exercises like dead-lifts and the Olympic lifts were widely practiced in America throughout the decade. Consequently, throughout the 1930's American lifters increased their strength at an amazing rate, so much so that by the end of the decade some of the very best lifters in the world hailed from that country. One example is Tony Terlazzo, who won a Gold medal in the featherweight class at the 1936 Olympic games weightlifting championships. He lifted 270 lbs in the clean and jerk, at just 132 lbs bodyweight! By 1938, America had some other fine lifters, including John Davis, who won the world light heavyweight championship at just 17 years of age. In addition, John Grimek, Steve Stanko and Bill Good all set world bests in weightlifting during the late 1930's. America had truly arrived as the leader and innovator of strength training world-wide.


  


 Throughout the 1940's, America would continue to dominate weightlifting, and it was in the United States that the new bodybuilding movement began to take off in earnest. In 1941, John Grimek won the Mr. America contest with a new kind of physique. His body was covered with massive muscles which were aesthetically shaped and nicely separated from each other with very clearly defined muscularity. He looked very much like Hercules come to life! Here was the man who would start a new trend towards the body beautiful in America. His image appeared in countless muscle magazines and he became very well known both at home and abroad. Throughout the 1940's and 50's, thousands of your American men would follow Grimek's lead and begin to train with weights in the hope of building a stronger and more muscular body. In fact, Grimek won the first ever Mr. Universe contest over a young man who would go on to take the sport to even greater heights of popularity over the next twenty years.This young man was Steve Reeves, who was inspired to take up bodybuilding after seeing Grimek's picture in a muscle magazine.

Steve Reeves emerged as the physique star of the century, with his amazing combination of incredible muscle shape, muscularity and overall physical beauty. He would to on to star in many movies, and became the number one box office star in Hollywood during the early 1960's with his unique combination of good looks and perfect physique. 


It is certainly true that Steve did during the 1950's and 60's what Sandow had done for bodybuilding at the turn of the century, in that he was at the center of its rise in popularity. Steve was the most famous muscleman in the world, and he was well known as well outside of the lifting community because, like Sandow before him, he managed to market himself to a remarkable degree. Sandow himself had been one of the earliest stars of the silver screen, performing and posing with dumbbells and in muscle control routines. Steve also gained much of his fame by showcasing his muscles in films like Hercules. Both men set a president for beefcake in films, a trend that many later action film stars would follow.
Continued . . .  


 





Trapezius Development - Franco Columbu (1974)

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Sergio Oliva





Modern bodybuilders just don't do many of the heavy exercises that develop the trapezius, such as High Pulls, Cleans, Shrugs, Deadlifts, etc. The result can be a conspicuous lack of development in the traps . . . a lack that makes the lifter look weaker, less rugged and powerful than he could. The overall appearance of the physique is marred - incomplete - whether standing relaxed, or flexed. 

The average bodybuilder today spends most of his shoulder time and energy on certain pressing and arm raise movements that do not engage or strongly affect the trapezius muscle. This muscle is also a large and powerful one which needs direct and hard work to stimulate it to grow, and let's face it, there is no way the back can have that 'look of power' without thick, well-developed trapezius muscles.

This brings up another important point. The type of heavy training which produces good trap development also produces a well-developed lower back. Study photos of bodybuilders who possess good trap development, and, almost always, you'll see good to excellent lower back development. You'll notice this at physique contests as well. The condition of bad trapezius development exists because the unendowed bodybuilder doesn't do lifting moves, such as Cleans, High Pulls, Shrugs, and Deadlifts. All these fine body-power and muscle-mass developers are usually neglected in preference for many sitting and lying exercises.

So often, presses are done off squat racks, not cleaned to the front of the chest first . . . and are usually done with a back-bend rather than in strict 'military' manner, and the traps aren't exercised much at all. Many standing laterals (usually done while seated!) are only done half-way to exercise the deltoids, eliminating the second half of the movement which exercises the traps more completely. Shrugs, High Pulls, and heavy repetition Cleans and Power Cleans just aren`t done much anymore by bodybuilders . . . and they are great for trap development, as well as overall body power. A lot of bodybuilders nowadays aren`t strong or athletic . . . so many prima donnas



and their physiques look like it! Train like a man and you`ll look like a man. Powerful traps, developed through heavy exercise, will give you that massive, rugged look of bull-like power.

Weightlifters are noted for their powerful looking traps . . . because they are powerful. A few bodybuilders noted for their exceptional trap development are Marvin Eder, Sergio Oliva, Reg Park, Serge Nubret, and Arnold Schwarzenegger. Eder and Park were very heavy power trainers and were famous for their strength feats. Sergio was an elite weightlifter, and Arnold dedicated many training sessions to developing bulk and powerful mass. Each of these men have one thing in common - they handled massive poundages at one time in their training and performed a lot of pulling and cleaning exercises. Their breathtaking power and massively muscular physiques are current legend!

One of the comments I hear most often after I give an exhibition is, ``You look very strong!`` The reason is that I have always trained heavy and worked my trapezius like any other muscle. Wide shoulders lacking excellent trap development is a sign of weakness that robs a man of his maximum potential to appear impressive, whether in street clothes or on the beach. The well-developed trapezius is absolutely necessary for that powerful, dynamically rugged look that commands respect.

Since the traps are very powerful muscles, you have to handle heavy poundages to get them growing. One of the best ways I have found to do this is to incorporate most of your trap work into your back and shoulder exercises. This not only saves time, but it conserves energy as well.

I use the double-split system of training and work my back, shoulders and traps all in one workout. Here is how I integrate trap training into my back and shoulder routine:

1) Deadlifts -
I start off my back program with heavy deadlifts. I alter this terrific exercise somewhat: on every repetition I also do three shoulder shrugs. For instance, if I do 3 deadlift reps, I also do 9 shrugs. The way I do shrugs is to pull the shoulders back and up and then rotate them to the front and back down in a circular `shrugging`motion. This works the traps thoroughly. I add weight each set, decreasing the reps, in the following sequence:
300x8, 400x7, 500x6, 600x5, 650x3, and 675x3.
My traps get a tremendous workout from this, as well as my entire back.

2) T-Bar Rowing -
At first, I do this lat and lower back exercise in the regular manner, pulling the bar up `til the plates touch the lower part of my chest - for 4 sets. Then, I take weight off the bar and do a special variation of this which really isolates the traps: I move my elbows outward and pull the bar up `til the plates come close to my face. I also squeeze my scapula together to get extra contraction for the traps for 3 sets of 8 reps.

3) High Upright Rowing -
After my other deltoid exercises I take a fairly heavy barbell and do 5 sets of 8 in the upright rowing exercise. I use a close grip and pull the bar up to the chin with full concentration on the trapezius. I keep the elbows high, tensing the traps completely at the top, and then let them pull forward as the weight is lowered to get a full-range effect - maximum contraction and extension. I currently do it like this:
120x8, 140x8, 160x8, 180x8, and 200x8.

4) Bentover Laterals -
This very valuable exercise will give the traps and rear deltoids a great workout if you do it properly. Bend forward at the waist until your back is parallel to the floor and straight. Don`t hunch or round your back or shoulders. Hold two dumbbells and let them hang down, then raise them up to the sides, slightly to the front, as high as possible. Raise the lower the DB`s slowly, completely concentrating on the trapezius. I do 3 sets of 8 reps, using very strict form.

This is the trapezius program I use on Monday and Wednesday. On Friday, I do one additional exercise for the trapezius:

5) Heavy High Power Pulls -
Using a regular width weightlifting grip on a heavy barbell, I pull the bar from the floor as high as possible - usually to eye level - without turning the wrists and dropping under the bar as in a regular clean. My elbows are kept high, then I throw the traps forward as the weight is lowered back down where I immediately repeat for 3 sets of 8 reps with 315 lbs. This gives my whole back and shoulder girdle a great workout. I only do this exercise once a week.

A very important feature of my trapezius training routine is that I combine it with my back and shoulder exercises. In other words, I don`t have to go out of my way to give my traps the type of heavy workout they need to grow. For instance, the Deadlift/Shrug combination works both the back and traps; the T-Bar Rowing exercise I use with my special variation works the back and traps; the Upright Rowing is terrific for the delts as well as the traps; Bentover Laterals are for the trapsand rear deltoids; and the Heavy High Power Pulls are excellent for the whole back, traps, and delts.

Combining trap exercises with back and shoulder movements makes my workout more interesting . . . and I can put more enthusiasm into it!

My advice to all bodybuilders is to never neglect trapezius work.
Don't sit or lie on the benches all the time when working out.
Remember, to have big, powerful muscles you must handle heavy poundages.          










C.S. Sloan

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The author, squatting around 500
at a bodyweight of 170.



Increasing Work Capacity
The Key for Gaining Massive Strength and Size



Years ago, lifters – be they bodybuilders, powerlifters, or Olympic lifters – knew how to train.[1]  Take Marvin Eder, for instance (still my favorite of the “old timers”): Eder could squat close to 700 pounds, clean and press 355 pounds, snatch 285 pounds, bench press 515 pounds, and do reps on parallel bar dips with over 400 pounds strapped to his waist.  He also had 19 inch arms at a bodyweight of around 200 pounds.  And just how did Eder lift such prodigious poundages and attain one hell of a physique?  He began training around the age of 16 by using a 3-days-per-week, full-body workout plan (as everyone did at that time, I might add).  As he advanced – and by “advanced” I mean that he increased his strength[2]– he increased the number of exercises he used, the number of sets per exercise, the overall length of his workout, and the number of days per week he trained.  By the time of his heyday – mid ‘50s – he was training with weights 6 days per week (upper body one day, lower body the next) and would routinely spend the 7th day doing a lot of bodyweight training – push-ups, along with whatever “gymnastic” training he decided to do at the beach (where all the popular bodybuilders hung out).


When lifters nowadays read about Eder’s feats of strength, and about his amount of training volume (all done before the era of steroids), most will dismiss him outright as some sort of genetic freak – which he was, I must admit – but he wasn’t the only guy training this way.  The fact is that everyone who was serious about physique development trained in such a manner.


It’s called increasing your work capacity.  And – along with adding weight to the bar – it’s the key for not just getting bigger or stronger, but for getting massivelybig and strong.


What I would like to explore in this article is what a few years of training should look like, as a lifter moves from beginner to intermediate to advanced.


The beginning strength athlete should always start with full-body workouts. The full body workout should be performed 3 days per week.  I know that it is popular to occasionally recommend twice-per-week full body workouts – I did so myself years ago in several articles – but this will not increase work capacity.  Let’s get something straight from the start – a couple of somethings that I have already touched upon: you must increase strength and increase work capacity.  You should be doing both of these from the very start.  And this means full-body workouts three days per week is the best fit.  If you are following a program that doesn’t increase strength and work capacity, then you are dooming yourself to failure.



The best form of full-body, three-days-per-week training for the beginner, is the Heavy-Light-Medium program.  I’m not going to go into all of the details here, as there are plenty of posts and/or articles on this blog where I highlight what a good full-body, H-L-M workout should look like.  What I do want to touch upon, however, is how you increase workload using the H-L-M system.  At first, the most obvious thing that needs to occur is you need to get stronger.  Strength should readily increase using H-L-M when you are doing it properly.  You should not add sets, add extra exercises, or increase the time of your workout in any other fashion if you have not increased your strength.  However, once you have been on the program for several months – and are noticeably stronger – at this point you do want to increase sets and/or add extra exercises.  Begin by adding sets.  After that, you can add exercises.  And then, finally, you can even add an extra day of training by adding another “light” day.


Now, let’s look at what an H-L-M program should look like as you increase your workload over a year or two of training.  Here is what a typical beginning program should look like:

Heavy Day:


Squats – 5 sets of 5 reps
Bench presses – 5 sets of 5 reps
Deadlifts – 5 sets of 5 reps
Barbell Curls – 3 sets of 8 reps
Ab work

Light Day:
 
Squats – 5 sets of 5 reps
Overhead Presses – 5 sets of 5 reps
Good Mornings – 5 sets of 5 reps
Ab Work


Medium Day:

Squats – 5 sets of 5 reps
Incline Bench Presses – 5 sets of 5 reps
Power Cleans – 5 sets of 5 reps
Dumbbell Curls – 3 sets of 12 reps
Ab work


After a few months of training, and assuming significant gains in strength have occurred, the program should look something like this:

Heavy Day:

Squats – 5 sets of 5 reps, 2 sets of 8 reps
Bench presses – 5 sets of 5 reps, 2 sets of 8 reps
Deadlifts – 5 sets of 5 reps, 2 sets of 8 reps
Barbell Curls – 5 sets of 8 reps
Ab work

Light Day:

Squats – 5 sets of 5 reps
Overhead Presses – 5 sets of 5 reps, 2 sets of 8 reps
Good Mornings – 5 sets of 5 reps
Ab Work

Medium Day:

Squats – 5 sets of 5 reps, 2 sets of 8 reps
Incline Bench Presses – 5 sets of 5 reps, 2 sets of 8 reps
Power Cleans – 8 sets of 5 reps
Dumbbell Curls – 5 sets of 12 reps
Ab work


After a few more months of training, the template should look something like this:

Heavy Day:

Squats – 5 sets of 5 reps, 2 sets of 8 reps
Walking lunges – 4 sets of 10 reps
Bench presses – 5 sets of 5 reps, 2 sets of 8 reps
Weighted Dips – 4 sets of 8 reps
Deadlifts – 5 sets of 5 reps, 2 sets of 8 reps
Barbell Curls – 5 sets of 8 reps
Ab work

Light Day:

Squats – 5 sets of 5 reps, 2 sets of 8 reps
Overhead Presses – 5 sets of 5 reps, 2 sets of 8 reps
Good Mornings – 5 sets of 5 reps
Ab Work

Medium Day:

Squats – 5 sets of 5 reps, 2 sets of 8 reps
Front Squats – 4 sets of 10 reps
Incline Bench Presses – 5 sets of 5 reps, 2 sets of 8 reps
Flat Dumbbell Bench Presses – 4 sets of 8 reps
Power Cleans – 8 sets of 5 reps
Dumbbell Curls – 5 sets of 12 reps
Ab work


Once again, after a few more months of training, the lifting template should look something like this:

Heavy Day:

Squats – 5 sets of 5 reps, 2 sets of 8 reps
Walking lunges – 4 sets of 10 reps
Bench presses – 5 sets of 5 reps, 2 sets of 8 reps
Weighted Dips – 4 sets of 8 reps
Deadlifts – 5 sets of 5 reps, 2 sets of 8 reps
Weighted Chins – 5 sets of 5 reps, 2 sets of max reps
Barbell Curls – 5 sets of 8 reps
Skullcrushers – 5 sets of 8 reps
Ab work

Light Day:

Squats – 5 sets of 5 reps, 2 sets of 8 reps
Bulgarian “split” squats – 4 sets of 12 reps (each leg)
Overhead Presses – 5 sets of 5 reps, 2 sets of 8 reps
Seated behind-the-neck presses – 4 sets of 8 reps
Power Snatches – 5 sets of 3 reps
Good Mornings – 5 sets of 5 reps
Ab Work

Medium Day:

Squats – 5 sets of 5 reps, 2 sets of 8 reps
Front Squats – 4 sets of 10 reps
Incline Bench Presses – 5 sets of 5 reps, 2 sets of 8 reps
Flat Dumbbell Bench Presses – 4 sets of 8 reps
Deficit deadlifts – 5 sets of 5 reps, 2 sets of 8 reps
Power Cleans – 8 sets of 5 reps
Dumbbell Curls – 5 sets of 12 reps
Ab work

And, finally, after a few more months, you will once again need to increase the amount of work you’re performing.  At this point, your workout should look something like this:

Heavy Day:

Squats – 8 sets of 5 reps, 4 sets of 8 reps
Walking lunges – 4 sets of 10 reps
Bench presses – 8 sets of 5 reps, 4 sets of 8 reps
Weighted Dips – 4 sets of 8 reps
Deadlifts – 8 sets of 5 reps, 4 sets of 8 reps
Weighted Chins – 7 sets of 5 reps, 2 sets of max reps
Barbell Curls – 5 sets of 8 reps
Skullcrushers – 5 sets of 8 reps
Ab work

Light Day:

Squats – 5 sets of 5 reps, 2 sets of 8 reps
Bulgarian “split” squats – 6 sets of 12 reps (each leg)
Overhead Presses – 8 sets of 5 reps, 2 sets of 8 reps
Seated behind-the-neck presses – 4 sets of 8 reps
Power Snatches – 8 sets of 3 reps
Good Mornings – 5 sets of 5 reps
Ab Work

Medium Day:

Squats – 8 sets of 5 reps, 4 sets of 8 reps
Front Squats – 4 sets of 10 reps
Incline Bench Presses – 8 sets of 5 reps, 4 sets of 8 reps
Flat Dumbbell Bench Presses – 4 sets of 8 reps
Deficit deadlifts – 8 sets of 5 reps, 4 sets of 8 reps
Power Cleans – 8 sets of 5 reps
Dumbbell Curls – 7 sets of 12 reps
Ab work


To be honest, at this point, you could train with this amount of volume for a very long time.  Most lifters, however, will once again need to increase their work capacity.  The workout above could take around 2 hours on heavy and medium days – maybe more, depending on rest time between sets and exercises – and so it’s not practical for most lifters to add even more sets or another exercise or two to the mix.  At this point, it’s best to add another light day in between the heavy day and the current light day.  If you train Monday (heavy), Wednesday (light), and Friday (medium), the next evolution in your training will have you lifting Monday (heavy), Tuesday (light), Wednesday (light), and Friday (medium).  Here is what the possible new H-L-L-M template would look like:


Heavy Day:

Squats – 8 sets of 5 reps, 4 sets of 8 reps
Walking lunges – 4 sets of 10 reps
Bench presses – 8 sets of 5 reps, 4 sets of 8 reps
Weighted Dips – 4 sets of 8 reps
Deadlifts – 8 sets of 5 reps, 4 sets of 8 reps
Weighted Chins – 7 sets of 5 reps, 2 sets of max reps
Barbell Curls – 5 sets of 8 reps
Skullcrushers – 5 sets of 8 reps
Ab work

Light Day:

Overhead squats – 5 sets of 5 reps
Clean and Jerks – 8 sets of 3 reps
Good Mornings – 5 sets of 5 reps
Ab work

Light Day:

Squats – 5 sets of 5 reps, 2 sets of 8 reps
Bulgarian “split” squats – 6 sets of 12 reps (each leg)
Overhead Presses – 8 sets of 5 reps, 2 sets of 8 reps
Seated behind-the-neck presses – 4 sets of 8 reps
Power Snatches – 8 sets of 3 reps
Good Morning squats – 5 sets of 5 reps
Ab Work

Medium Day:

Squats – 8 sets of 5 reps, 4 sets of 8 reps
Front Squats – 4 sets of 10 reps
Incline Bench Presses – 8 sets of 5 reps, 4 sets of 8 reps
Flat Dumbbell Bench Presses – 4 sets of 8 reps
Deficit deadlifts – 8 sets of 5 reps, 4 sets of 8 reps
Power Cleans – 8 sets of 5 reps
Dumbbell Curls – 7 sets of 12 reps
Ab work


Here are a few things to keep in mind as you embark on this quest for huge muscles and a great work capacity while using the H-L-M system:

·         These programs are just examples.  You need to always increase your work capacity, but there are lifters who thrive on far less work, and there are also lifters – believe it or not – who will thrive on even more.

·         You should not stick with the same exercises week in and week out.  As you get more advanced, you should rotate between different exercises more often.  Just make sure you trade hard exercises for hard exercises.

·         After three weeks of hard training, it’s a good idea to take a “down” week, and reduce your volume before resuming the next week.

If you wanted, you could train with full-body workouts as above for your entire lifting career.  I realize, however, that most lifters will want to follow a “split” routine at some point, if for no reason other than for the sake of variety.  You could also introduce split training earlier than in the above scenarios.  My advice is that if you enjoy full-body workouts, then you simply add the extra light day once you reach that point.  If you want to implement split routines into your schedule, then you can begin to split your sessions instead of adding the extra “light” training day.

I recommend two primary forms of split training.  (You can, of course, train with more than these two, but I think it’s best to start with one of these at first before proceeding to other forms of split training, especially if the other forms you plan on using are more “bodybuilder” friendly than “lifter” friendly.)

They are as follows:

·         Full-body “split” training: Here you split your body so that you train half one workout and the other half the next, but you still essentially perform a full-body workout.  One workout may focus on bench press and squats as primary exercises, while the following workout may focus on deadlifts and overhead presses.

·         Upper/lower body split training: This form of split training is simple enough.  You train your upper body on one day, and your lower body on the next.  This may be the most popular form of split training, and I personally like it because of its versatility.

What follows are some examples of weekly training templates using each of the two forms above.  The first thing you will probably notice is the amount of volume – to many I realize that it will seem a “bit much”, so to speak, but keep in mind that these workouts should only be performed once high degrees of strength and work capacity have been achieved.


Full-Body Split Training:

Day One:

Deadlifts: 8 sets of 2 reps, 5 sets of 5 reps (using Hepburn’s method of progressive sets of low reps)
Rack Deadlifts: 5 sets of 5 reps
One Arm Dumbbell Overhead Presses: 7 sets of 5 reps
Barbell Overhead Presses: 5 sets of 5 reps
Weighted Chins: 7 sets of 5 reps
One Arm Dumbbell Rows: 5 sets of 5 reps
Farmer’s Walks: 4 sets for distance
Barbell Curls: 5 sets of 8 reps
Dumbbell Curls: 5 sets of 10 reps (each arm)

Day Two:

Squats: 8 sets of 2 reps, 5 sets of 5 reps (using Hepburn’s method of progressive sets of low reps)
Bench Presses: 8 sets of 2 reps, 5 sets of 5 reps (using Hepburn’s method of progressive sets of low reps)
Walking Lunges: 6 sets of 12 reps (each leg)
Weighted Dips: 8 sets of 8 reps
Sled Drags (forward or backward): 4 sets for distance
Skullcrushers: 5 sets of 10 reps
Incline Sit Ups: 5 sets of 25 to 50 reps
Hanging Leg Raises: 4 sets of max reps


Upper/Lower Split Training:

Upper Body:

Bench Presses: 5 sets of 5/4/3/2/1
Weighted Close-Grip Chins: 5 sets of 5 reps
Incline Bench Presses: 5 sets of 5 reps
One Arm Dumbbell Rows: 5 sets of 8 reps (each arm)
One Arm Dumbbell Overhead Presses: 5 sets of 5 reps (each arm)
Wide-Grip Chins: 4 sets of max reps
Barbell Overhead Presses: 5 sets of 7 reps
Dips: 4 sets of max reps
Barbell Curls: 5 sets of 8 reps
Dumbbell Curls: 5 sets of max reps


Lower Body:

Squats: 5 sets of 5/4/3/2/1, 5 sets of 7 reps
Deadlifts: 8 sets of 3 reps
Front Squats: 5 sets of 5 reps
Deficit Deadlifts: 5 sets of 5 reps
Power Cleans: 5 sets of 3 reps
Farmer’s Walks: 3 sets for distance
Tire Flips: 3 sets for distance
Incline Sit Ups: 5 sets of 25 to 50 reps
Hanging Leg Raises: 4 sets of max reps


Once again, keep in mind that these are just examples.  There are many more ways that you can train using a split system.  In fact, I’m not even opposed to 3, 4, or possibly even 5-way splits, as long as multiple muscles are used each training day.  For instance, a great way to train is with one-lift-per-day training where you pick a certain lift (overhead presses, deadlifts, squats, power cleans, etc.) to train each day, followed by assistance exercises to aid with the lift.  Train 4 or 5 days in a row before taking an off day.  But this is just one example – there are many others to choose from.


The primary thing to not diverge from is that your program must steadily increase work capacity while always making you stronger.  If it doesn’t include these two dictums, you are simply dooming yourself to failure.

Arthur Saxon - Bill Good (1936)

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Life Story of Arthur Saxon, Strong Man of Germany
by
Bill Good
(1936)


This is the story of one of the greatest figures of all time in the strength world. A great many feel that Arthur Saxon, the subject of our story, was the strongest man who ever lived. We doubt if in superhuman, colossal strength he equaled the huge, ponderous, powerful Louis Cyr. Cyr, nearly twice his size, takes our vote as the "Strongest Man Who Ever Lived."

Arthur Saxon's greatest deeds were the raising of 371 lbs to overhead with one arm, and the hoisting 448 lbs with two arms. This latter lift was performed in the 'two hands anyhow" style. As the name implies, any method can be used. The clean and jerk, continental jerk (two or more motions to the chest and then jerk the weight aloft), jerking the weight with two arms, transferring it to one, reaching down for an additional weight which is also pressed to arm's length. This style is the one used by Harry Good, the great York professional strong man and bar bell instructor. Surpassing the best the world has ever seen at the bent press, Arthur Saxon used this style to press 336 lbs aloft with his right arm, then reached down for 112 lbs with his left. 448 lbs in all. The greatest weight ever hoisted to arm's length overhead, by a human being, unassisted.

It must be remembered that Arthur Saxon was little more than average in size. Five feet ten inches in height and two hundred pounds in bodyweight. Not a big man as compared to other 'strongest men' in history. The phenomenal strength he developed is the best proof that average sized, or small men can surpass, equal, or closely approach the lifting records of much bigger men. Arthur Saxon has been dead about sixteen years, but he is well remembered for his mighty feats, for his showmanship, honesty and enthusiasm concerning all things connected with the 'iron game.' There may never be another like him. He is one of the immortals of strength, a man whose memory will always be the inspiration and encouragement of strength seekers. His is the case of an average man who made good in a big way.

Arthur Saxon was born at Leipzig, in Germany, on the 28th of April, 1878. His very earliest years gave no promise of the great deeds to come. Unlike so many strong men he did not claim to have been a weak, sickly child, or an invalid, nor was he snatched from the jaws of death by some miracle. He did not claim to have developed his body from weakness to strength, by some secret method. In all things Arthur Saxon was 'open and above board.' He lived the life that all writers in this magazine urge readers, especially the younger readers, to follow. [Arthur, however, was certainly a heavy drinker and once when a Fulham crowd at the Red Lion endeavored for a joke to get him drunk so that he could not go through with his show, he drank some 50 glasses of beer and had the last laugh as he never performed so well as that night at the “Granville.” When he ascertained what had been intended he roared with laughter and told the plotters that he had been ‘weaned on beer.’- Thomas Inch, "My Friendship with Arthur Saxon".]

Saxon in his boyhood practically lived in the open air. He did not go to school until he was fourteen years of age but spent all the years up until this time at all forms of boyish games and exercise. He was very fond of long, rambling walks, and his favorite game was following the leader. Young Arthur, followed by a fair crowd of other young citizens of Leipzig, would wander through the fields and woods. At times they would stop to wrestle. They ran races of all sorts, both sprints and distance events.

In playing 'follow the leader' Arthur would usually lead. The system employed was for the leader to endeavor to perform feats which the other boys could not duplicate. The first boy to fail at a feat had to bring up the rear of the procession. Young Saxon was never in the rear, in time he nearly always reached the head of the line, leadership. Climbing was one of his favorite sports. There was the element of daring in climbing to the topmost branches of the tallest trees. He would go up, up and up, until the trunk was so slender it could hardly be grasped, until it would bend far to the side and sway back and forth. Luckily, they had tough trees in his part of Germany or the rest of this story might not have been told. One of Arthur's favorite stories concerned the manner in which he and his brother escaped from a forest keeper. The forests in Germany are usually owned by the government or by rich landowners. They are well patrolled and trespassers are invited to 'vamoose' as promptly as possible. On one occasion while the Saxon boys were enjoying themselves at their usual sport of climbing trees, an irate warden or forest keeper rushed up to the bottom of the tree which they had climbed. He shouted for them to come down. But what boy would like to come down and perhaps take a thrashing, at the least receive a kick in the southwest portion of his anatomy from the pedal extremity of a member of the forest patrol.  

Climbing had brought into play and developed every muscle in the Saxon boys' bodies, it had helped them develop steady nerves, a cool head and a perfect sense of balance. Instead of coming down as they were ordered to, they climbed up and up. The forest ranger climbed too. Soon the three of them had reached the topmost branches of the tree to a point where the swaying of the tree was 'thrilling to behold,' so reports Arthur Saxon in telling of this escapade.

Hours were spent in the tree. The forest ranger dared climb no higher, and finally after a long period gave up in disgust. He waited under the tree for a much longer time, hurled broken branches and stones at the young climbers. He finally dozed, sitting with his back to the tree. There he was awakened by a stick, which was aimed so straight by mischievous brother Herman that it landed right on top of his head. He finally gave up and went away and the Saxon boys descended, and went to their homes none the worse for their experiences.

There was nothing unusual in the Saxon's boyhood, just a love for outdoor games, sports and later, exercise. Like all men who grow up to be strong they enjoyed an adequate diet of good wholesome, plain foods. Daily Arthur ate whole meal bread, consumed plenty of eggs and milk, vegetables, beef, pork, and fruits in season. As Arthur grew older, like all Germans he indulged in moderation in their national drink - lager beer.

Strength and Health magazine was not even thought of in the days of which we write. Bob Hoffman, as all know as the publisher of this magazine, was not even born until Arthur Saxon was twenty years of age, in the beginning of the prime of all his strength and physical glory. But note how Arthur Saxon followed(?) the Strength and Health system of living these many years ago (Cut that nonsense out!) He writes:

"So you will see that, fortunately gifted with a splendid constitution and possibilities of of a good physique (which by hard work and exercise I developed to the utmost) with plenty of fresh air, good plain, wholesome food, rest and freedom from care I have had every chance of reaching my ambition." Note the similarity to the Strength and Health mode of living. Sufficient sleep, a tranquil mind, plenty of good food, meat, eggs, milk, vegetables, fruits, honey, nuts, etc., and exercise. Saxon's love for the weights demonstrated what can be done with proper weight training.

I have often said in my life, if a man can not originate a better system, why not copy a system that has proven best. Saxon proved that his system of weight training, heavy weight lifting, heavy exercise of all sorts was the best system to produce super strength and super health. Yet there came a period in this country when many instructors offered a system with very light weights or without apparatus altogether. These systems were mostly a waste of time. For there never was a really strong, beautifully built man who did not use apparatus of some form in his training. Light methods of arm and wand waving may be of benefit for young children but they have no place in the training of men who wish to be men in strength and physical ability.

At the youthful age of 16, a friend took Arthur to an athletic club in Leipzig. Young Saxon walked in unobtrusively. Little did the members know that this unassuming young man was destined to bring undying fame to his old club and to Leipzig, in fact all of Germany. Saxon's first training was with 56-lb weights. In a very short time he had made such rapid progress that he was lifting heavy weights and practicing almost entirely with bar bells and dumbbells.

At the age of 17 Arthur had reached a bodyweight of 189 lbs. His strength had increased in proportion and at this time he could excel any man in the club in lifting ability. And this was something. For then as now, weight lifters in Germany were numbered in the hundreds of thousands. There were huge, terrifically powerful men in every city, hamlet and club. A man who could be champion of a club or a village was a champion indeed.

As you who have read in Siegmund Klein's article concerning the bent press which started in the February issue and ends in this number have noted, few continental lifters have become great bent pressers. As Sig tells us, it is not that they didn't try.

Part One here -
http://ditillo2.blogspot.ca/2012/03/how-much-can-you-bent-press-part-one.html

Part Two here -
http://ditillo2.blogspot.ca/2012/03/how-much-can-you-bent-press-part-two.html

For the greatest honor has always gone to the man who could elevate the greatest weight overhead. With the bent press it is possible for the very best lifters to put up more with one hand than they can in any other style with two. You can be sure that thousands of continental lifters practiced the bent press. However, their failure to approach championship heights in this lift made them it time scoff at the lift. Most of them were too huge and bulky, unable to bend sufficiently to perform a worthy bent press.

Sandow first made the lift famous. He was a German. And Saxon did more to make this lift well and favorably known than any other men. Both Sandow and Saxon were stars in the quick lifts. Sandow, who spent a great deal of his training time improving his physique and practicing muscle control, became what experts consider to be the best built man who ever lived. Saxon was only interested in strength. He paid no attention to measurements or even his proportions. Since the best built man who ever lived, and the strongest man for his weight, who ever lived, spent a large part of their time for all the years of their professional career practicing the bent press, isn't this the best proof that the bent press was then and is now a very worthy lift? That is why the bent press is taught in the York Bar Bell System of Training along with the five International lifts, only. One arm snatch, one arm jerk, two arm press, two arm snatch, and two arm jerk.

At 18 years of age Saxon could bent press well over 200 lbs. He was urged by other members to practice wrestling. Each city, village or club wished to excel at strength sports, so many of the men who loved the weights and preferred weight training only were urged sometimes against their will to 'do or die for old Rutgers' by wrestling for their club against all comers and in championships of all sorts.

http://nbweb.rutgers.edu/songs/mp3/nobody.ogg  
 
At first the hero of our story was thrown easily in spite of his already terrific strength. His shoulders were pinned to the mat on many occasions before he learned the best holds in wrestling. As time passed he soon became invulnerable to the attacks of the best wrestlers that could be found to compete with him. He became in turn club champion, city champion, and district champion.

After the first few months of his wrestling experience he was never defeated by any man, either in wrestling or in weight lifting. He took first prize in many contests and tournaments. His gold medals won in the championships at Leipzig, Werdau and Chemitz for weight lifting are now shown to all visitors at his old club in Leipzig, where Saxon has become and always will remain the greatest of the great, to his former club mates and fellow townsmen. In all his travels he upheld the honor of his club.

Arthur tells of entering his first wrestling tournament. He entered the heavyweight class, prepared to wrestle against the strongest and most skillful wrestlers in all Europe. Needless to say, he astonished all competitors and spectators with his tremendous strength. He was unknown and stood around innocently enough and looked at the time very quiet and he hoped unassuming. His physique and appearance did not denote the strength he really possessed. His 190 lbs of bone and muscle was very small by the side of the many 250 lb-plus wrestlers who loomed above him.

Saxon was ignored by the other competitors. He was not considered as one of the possible winners or even thought to be competition. But what a surprise was in store for some of these wrestling gentlemen. (I understand that wrestlers could even be gentlemen in the ring in those days.) When Saxon went into action it was something entirely new to the other competitors. Most of them were accustomed to come in slowly, spend many minutes sparring around, a half hour more to feeling each other out before really putting forth effort. A truce would be called when either party was winded, both would rest and then go on with their rather amiable demonstration of the art of wrestling. But Saxon tore into his opponents like a wild bull. He hurled them to the mat, threw them up in the air, picked them up and smashed them down and in a surprisingly short time pinned the shoulders of the best of them to the mat. His opponents never ceased to talk of the vice-like grasp of his fingers, of the crushing strength of his limbs, of his irresistible power. One said that it was like trying to stop a locomotive. You could push, and tug, and wrestle, but the immovable force came on and on to overcome all that stood before it.

Every competitor said that Saxon was TOO STRONG to wrestle but Saxon said he hoped he displayed 'a little science besides just strength.' At this time his favorite throw was to pick up his competitor and dash him to the floor. How would you who read this like to be picked up by the man who later lifter 448 lbs to arm's length overhead, who later tossed bar bells around weighing hundreds of pounds, a bell weighing over 300 lbs from one hand to the other. A man who as we will relate in the next chapter of this story, tossed an entire orchestra around, piano and all, just as sport after he had indulged in a hundred bottles of beer. At least so the story goes. I am sure that I would rather be in the writing business than come to grips with such a man as Arthur Saxon.

Saxon is not as well known as a wrestler as he is as a lifter. The reason being that his phenomenal strength very shortly placed him in great demand as a strong man on stage and circus. On more than one occasion however he was challenged by men who sought to improve their reputation by throwing the "World's Strongest Man" as he was usually billed in his act at that time with leading theaters and circuses throughout the world. Saxon had no trouble with any of these wrestlers and always came out victor.

While performing his act in Glasgow a French wrestler persistently worried him to wrestle. He asked Saxon so often that at last Arthur said that he would wrestle him but not be responsible for any damage that was done. It was necessary to 'take on' this French wrestler because he had become a real nuisance. He agreed to the rules and stated he would not bring damages if he became injured. The bout lasted hardly a minute. Saxon rushed at him, caught him in his favorite hold, lifted him high in the air and threw him to the floor. His head was somewhat injured. The French wrestler was very scientific and his early defeat was a great surprise to the wrestler and his friends as well.

Getting off the subject a bit. Present-day wrestlers may compete three or four nights a week. Many professional wrestlers who are now famous throughout the world will stop in the Strength and Health office when they are in this vicinity. Our good friend Henry Steinborn, vice president of the American Strength and Health League, never misses spending a few minutes or hours with us when he is a hundred or so miles from York.

There are cities where Steinborn, one of the finest, most intelligent and even tempered of men, will shake his fist at the crowd, make faces and make himself as unpopular as possible. It makes a good show. But in York Strength is popular and it became known that Steinborn was the strongest man in wrestling. Naturally when he came here to wrestle with all the York weight lifters and their enthusiastic friends Henry was permitted to win if he could. And he did. Ala Arthur Saxon.

On that occasion he was to wrestle Tom Marvin, often known as Chief White Feather. Normally professional wrestlers don't try to injure each other. They may wrestle one another the next night in another town. Tom Marvin is a pretty tough specimen. His real wrestling ability is hard to determine, but he has a lot of dirty tricks in the ring. One of those wrestlers who spends his time with a lot of little injurious acts behind the referee's back. He would rub his clasped knuckles across a man's face and olfactory organ. It mustn't have been pleasant.

I saw that Henry didn't like it. He suddenly picked Marvin up, not so high, only to the crown of his head, and threw him to the mat about twice as hard as I have ever seen a wrestler thrown. The particular ring being used was the padded square in which Tommy won the world's heavyweight boxing championship from Dempsey at the Sesqui-Centennial in Philadelphia in 1926. This ring is still in York and does duty at all the wrestling and boxing shows. It is a substantial ring. Marvin bounced at least a foot off the floor. And then lay there for many minutes until he was carried from the ring. When men like Henry Steinborn and Arthur Saxon slam them down, they stay slammed down for a time.

This is as far as I can get with Arthur Saxon's story in this issue. Look for the next episode in the April issue. There was only one Arthur Saxon. There may never be such another one. It is not right to hurry through his life story. I want to give you all the facts of his life, his training, his triumphs and his great tragedy which led to his death right after the great war ended.


        
 Strength and Health, April 1936
Harry Paschall, coverman.

  






"Strength" Magazine As I Knew It - Siegmund Klein (1935)

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When one has known a publication as I knew "Strength" it was a decided shock to receive a letter a few days ago from Mark Berry telling me that the last issue of this fine old paper had been printed.


As publications go Strength Magazine was neither young not old. Nor was it well known beyond that relatively small but loyal group which each month awaited the new it would bring them of their beloved sport. Alas, many of these will look in vain for the familiar name on the news stands.

While at no time was I ever directly associated with "Strength," more than a few incidents endeared it to me. To begin with, the Milo Bar Bell Company was started in the same month and year I was born...April, 1902. It was out of this manufacturing enterprise that Alan Calvert developed a publication devoted to the interests of the users of bar bells...at first a pocket size book of few pages: ultimately a standard size magazine filled from cover to cover with news of interest to the followers of weight lifting and strength in general.

The first issue of "Strength" appeared in 1914 and was devoted principally to describing Alan Calvert's methods. It included pictures of well built athletes who had used bar bells to attain their physique. "Strength," as a regular magazine appeared somewhat later, but it was on this modest foundation that its future was built, a future that was to bring to attention many men of strength who would otherwise never been heard of.

I say this despite the fact that the old "Police Gazette" was then in its heyday...and "Physical Culture" was at the peak of popularity, for neither of these papers specialized in the weight sports as Alan Calvert felt they should and as he proceeded to do in his own publication.

Although Alan Calvert recognized the desirability of using pictures of well built athletes as inspiration for his readers, he never had his own picture taken, much less published. This led to the erroneous idea in several quarters that there was no such person.

I first met Calvert in 1923, although he had featured me in his magazine as early as 1919. Many a time we have sat together talking of the strong men of the past as well as those of our own times. He told me how the articles by Professor Attila in the old "Police Gazette" had fascinated him; of how he always saw Sandow when that great athlete appeared in Philadelphia. Sandow, in fact, became Calvert's ideal for masculine shape and development. He sensed that there must be thousands of young men all over the country who would like to know how to train to develop a similar physique. But except in a few cities there were no bar bells available, nor anyone to teach the proper methods of training. It was to fill this need that Alan Calvert founded the Milo Bar Bell Company.

As I write this I have before me some of the early issues of "Strength" and a booklet..."The Truth About Weight Lifting" written by Mr. Calvert in 1911. How I read and reread these at the time they were published! And the men who were featured in these early numbers...Sandow heads "The One Arm Press...Who Holds the Records;" Martysek is pictured trying to break John Y. Smith's record; Bob Snyder with a huge exhibition bell; Charles McMahon is shown bent pressing; the January 1916 issue features John [Henry?] Sincosky on the cover and the leading article is "Development First...an Argument for All-'Round Body Building" written by Alan Calvert. And so the roster goes...Tony Massimo, Melvin Tampke, the Nordquest brothers, Charles Durner, Arnold Shiemann, Fred Rhode, Archie Gillespie, Albert Tauscher, Harry Paschall, Edwin Goodman, Robert Dallas...inspirations, each and every one, and all because Alan Calvert had the foresight to bring them to the men who wanted to know the how and the why of strength.




Calvert was a great leader, and as such he had a very loyal following. Though Mr. Calvert has not been identified with the Milo Bar Bell Company or with "Strength" for some years, I am sure he must feel even worse than any of us to know that the two enterprises which he brought to such a peak of popularity have now ceased to exist.

Calvert was smart...when he started to promote the weight sports he adopted the system of Theodore Siebert, the great German physique culture and weight lifting teacher, who had helped train such athletes as Hackenschmidt and Lurich. Then, too, he recognized the value of good publicity. One of the best things he wrote was "Super Strength," one of the best books every written on the subject either in Europe or America. Calvert had a style all his own, and when he finally gave up active writing his articles served as the pattern for many another writer, yet for years he was urged to resume writing as no one else seemed to satisfy the thousands who had come to depend on Alan Calvert's words as their guide and inspiration.

The magic of his writing is best illustrated by an incident in my own career...although I did not beet Alan Calvert until 1923 it was an article by him about myself entitled, "KLEIN, the Latest Addition to the Perfect Men" that was the actual turning point of my life, for then and there I decided that I would devote my future to teaching bar bell training.

When Alan Calvert severed his connection with the Milo Bar Bell Company and "Strength" in 1924 George F. Jowett became the head of the two enterprises. It seemed a logical time to expand the usefulness of the publication and a larger size was adopted in order to attract news- stand sale. A wider appeal was attempted in the editorial content which seemed a sounds idea since Physical Culture magazine was itself drifting somewhat away from that writing which had been its entree into the homes of those who wanted a magazine which would show them how to acquire strength, health, and physical perfection. To assure the proper editorial pattern Carl Easton Williams, a former editor of "Physical Culture," was made editor of the newly enlarged "Strength." The reasons for Mr. Williams' departure after a brief sojourn are of little moment now.

In 1926 Mark Berry succeeded George Jowett and he has loyally stuck by the paper ever since.
I feel confident that Bob Hoffman will do everything in his power to have "Strength and Health" fulfill the talk which has been left to his publication. 

Bob and Rosetta Hoffman


And he, too . . . though he was in direct competition with both the manufacturing and the publishing branches of the Milo organization . . . must regret the passing of "Strength" for it was from that publication that he received the inspiration which starred him in "the iron game."

For my own part I feel a deep personal loss in the demise of "Strength" for had it not been for Alan Calvert's early issues I doubt that I would today be doing what I feel I would rather be doing than any other thing in the world -- teaching bar bell training in my own gym. 






















John McCallum's MuscleMag International Articles (1988-89)

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The Growing Workout
MuscleMag International
November, 1988

Once upon a time there was a tall, skinny young man who trained in a well-equipped basement gym in his parents’ house and who wanted, more than anything else in the world, to look like Lou Ferrigno. The young man trained very hard. He had lined the gym with pictures of Ferrigno. He had cut out and pinned up every routine of Ferrigno’s ever printed and he followed them slavishly. Unfortunately, however, other than having the same number of arms and legs at the various four corners, the young man looked nothing at all like Lou Ferrigno.

One rainy morning the skinny young man stood in his underwear shorts, gazing sadly at himself in the full length mirror. The week before he had gone to see Ferrigno’s movie, “Hercules”, which was playing at a downtown theatre. The young man had already seen it seventeen times, but this time he made the mistake of taking his girlfriend. When Ferrigno appeared on the screen, the young lady gave a strangled gasp and sank her nails into the back of the young man’s hand. On the way home, over hamburgers and milkshakes, the young man confided in her that he had been striving for years to look like Lou Ferrigno. She cocked a cynical eyebrow at him and murmured that one would have never known.

The young lady declined a second hamburger but remarked that it would be a good idea if the young man ate a dozen or so. She also declined a stroll through the park, pointing out that it was dark in there and might be dangerous for her what with the caliber of protection young women had to rely upon with these days.

She said goodnight quickly at the door, and for the rest of the week a series of hair-washing obligations, blinding headaches and unforeseen events rendered her totally inaccessible. Furthermore, she observed regretfully, there appeared to be little probability of change in her tight schedule in the near future.

The young man dressed and ate breakfast – two bowls of cereal, six eggs, a quarter pound of bacon, four pieces of toast and a glass of milk – while he poured over the yellow pages in the phone book. Then he put on his raincoat, got into his car and drove downtown. He parked and walked half a block in the rain until he came to a window filled with pictures of astonishingly muscular men in various stages of tension. He walked through the front door.

A large, bulky man in a blue track suit was standing by the counter eating a sandwich. He beamed cheerfully at the skinny young man. “How are you,” he said. “Lovely day, isn’t it?”

“Are you the owner?” the young man asked him.

“I am indeed,” the large, bulky man assured him. He peered over the counter at the young man’s feet.

“You’re dripping water all over the floor.”

“It’s raining outside” the young man told him.

“Is it?” the gym owner said. “That’s probably why you’re dripping water all over the floor.” He put on his friendliest smile. “Anyway, what can I do for you?”

“I’d be interested in training here,” the young man said. “Under certain conditions.”

The gym owner broadened his smile. “Step into the office, my boy, and we’ll talk about it.”

They walked into the office. The gym owner laid his sandwich on the desk and shook hands with the young man. “Sit down,” he said. “Please.”

The young man wiped mustard off his hand and sat down.

The gym owner opened a desk drawer and whipped out a contract. “We have the ever-popular single life membership,” he said. “Or, if you care to bring your wife or someone else’s, we have what we term the joint life and last survivor plan.” He rummaged through the drawer and brought out a pen. “Cash is preferable, of course, but since we operate in an atmosphere of complete trust and harmony a certified cheque will suffice.”


The young man held up his hand.

“Just a minute,” he said. “I told you there were conditions.” He leaned forward and looked the gym owner in the eye. “Have you ever,” he said slowly, “seen anyone who looks exactly like Lou Ferrigno?”

“Actually, no,” the gym owner said. “But I have a mother-in-law who looks like Raymond Burr.”

“Well, that’s the condition,” the young man said. “Guarantee me that I’ll look like Lou Ferrigno and I’ll train here.”

The gym owner closed his eyes and thought about what he would say to the young man. Everyone, he thought, has his own potential and his own individuality and the important thing is to develop that potential without regard for outside comparisons. He cleared his throat. “Everyone,” he said, “has his . . . “
“And don’t give me any of that crap about individuality,” the young man barked at him. “I want to look like Ferrigno and that’s that.”

The gym owner closed his eyes again and weighed the slight monetary advantage of the young man’s membership against the enormous emotional satisfaction of throwing him through the window. What the hell, he thought, we were all young once. “Take off your shirt,” he said, “and let’s see where you’re at.”

The young man peeled off his shirt and took a deep breath. “Anything like Ferrigno?” he asked.

The gym owner coughed slightly.

“Your hair’s about the right colour,” he said. “But other than that . . .”

The young man flexed his arm. “What does that look like?”

Actually, the gym owner thought, it looks like a piece of unthreaded gas pipe. But he said, “How have you been training?”

“On Ferrigno’s routines,” the young man said. “I’ve done them all.”

“That’s been your mistake,” the gym owner told him. “It’s the most common mistake in bodybuilding. You’re not ready to train like Ferrigno.”

“Why not?” the young man asked him.

“What do you weigh?” the gym owner asked.

“About a hundred and fifty-three.”

“Ferrigno weighs around two-eighty,” the gym owner said. “How do you expect to look like him?”

The young man gritted his teeth. “Then I’ll weigh two-eighty.”

“But you won’t,” the gym owner told him. “And you never will. At least, not the way you’re training.”

“Your metabolism isn’t right for it yet,” the gym owner said. “And you don’t assimilate your food properly. You don’t gain weight easily. Lou Ferrigno can probably gain weight just thinking about it.”

The young man sagged in his chair.

“So what do I do?” he said. “Quit?”

“Not at all,” the gym owner said. “Just train differently for a while. Learn to gain weight. Work on a growing routine.”

The young man brightened. “And then I’ll look like Lou Ferrigno?”

The gym owner looked up at the ceiling. Strange, he thought, there must be an echo in here. He leaned toward the young man. “Understand this,” he said. “I can’t guarantee you that you’ll look like Lou Ferrigno anymore than I can guarantee Lou Ferrigno that he’ll look like you.” Not, he thought to himself, that he’d ever want to. “But what I can guarantee you is that if you train like I tell you, you’ll gain lots of weight and someday, if you’re lucky, you might look like Lou Ferrigno.”

The gym owner took a blank workout sheet out of the drawer. “I’m going to give you a workout to do. Don’t do any more and don’t do any less. Give it your best shot for three months and then, if you’re satisfied, come back and we’ll talk some more.”

The gym owner filled in the sheet:

Bench Press . . . . . . . . . . 3 sets of 15 reps
Rowing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 sets of 15 reps
Curl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 sets of 10 reps
Press Behind Neck . . . . . . 2 sets of 12 reps
Squats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 sets of 15 reps
alternated with
Light Pullovers . . . . . . . . . 2 sets of 20 reps
Stiff-legged Deadlift . . . . . 1 set of 20 reps
Crunches . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 set of 25 reps

“Don’t rush through it,” he said. “Take your time. Drop the weight about 10% for each of the second and third sets.”

He handed it across the desk.

The young man looked at it. “It doesn’t look like a Lou Ferrigno workout.

“It’s not,” the gym owner said. “It’s far too basic for him. But it’s just right for you. You’ll gain weight and improve your assimilation. Then you can start training a little more like Ferrigno and you might even start looking a little bit like him.”

The young man thought it over.
“I’ll try it,” he said. He wheeled around and, remembering to keep his lats spread, marched out.

Three months later he came back. He’d gained thirty-one pounds, his old girlfriend was begging him for a date, and four new ones were keeping him awake with obscene phone calls. He burst through the office door and yelled, “Guess who!”

The gym owner bit the end off the pencil he was chewing and leaped to his feet. Then he smiled and put out his hand.

“Lou Ferrigno,” he said. “Nice to see you.”




************************************************************************************




The Big Chest Program
MuscleMag International
December 1988

My daughter used to go around with a kid called Marvin.
He trained a little bit with weights once in a while just to butter me up.
He was skinny back then and as lazy as a treeful of South American sloths.

I was sitting at home one Monday evening, working with some papers at the dining room table. I was trying to put the finishing touches on a fast, big-chest program I wanted to conduct at the gym and wondering who I could get for a guinea pig when Marvin came slopping in all loose and easy, snapping his fingers and humming to himself. He pulled out a chair and sat down.

“Dad,” he said, “I’d like to marry your daughter.”
I thought about it. “Have you seen my wife?”
“Yes, he said. “But I prefer your daughter.”

I closed my eyes and muttered a little prayer my mother had taught me.

“Have you asked my daughter?”

“No, he said. “I figured since it was your daughter’s hand I’d get an understanding with you first.”

“Good,” I said. “Then understand this. The chances are absolutely nil that you’ll ever get my daughter’s hand or any other part of her anatomy.”

He looked hurt.
“Like why, man?”

I opened my mouth to tell him and then I had a thought.
“Because you’re too skinny,” I said. “And your chest is too small.”

“Chest too small?” he screamed. “Man, I don’t figure on being no flipping gladiator.”

“No,” I said. “But if you were my son-in-law you’d be a constant embarrassment to me.”

He blinked in surprise.

“On the other hand,” I told him, “if you were a little heavier and your chest was about six inches bigger,
you’d be a tad more acceptable.

“Six inches?” he said. “Man, that’d take forever.”

“Three months,” I told him. “Three short months.”

“You sure?”

“Positively.” I took some papers off the table. “Marvin, I have here the quintessence, the absolute ultimate in chest building programs. I guarantee you’ll gain a lot of weight and put abut six inches on your chest.”

He brightened. “And then I get to marry your daughter?”

‘Marvin,” I told him, “I don’t think my daughter or any other woman this side of the banana factory would ever marry you. If they do, that’s up to them. Personally, I don’t think you’ll even remember it this time next year.”

“Wrongo, man,” he said. “When do I start?”

“Right now,” I told him. “I’ll get you a set of sweats and we’ll drive over to the gym.”

When we got to the gym I said to him:

“Now, Marvin, you’re going to embark on an exciting three month journey. An adventure that will make you heavier, broaden your shoulders and increase your chest about six inches.” I beamed paternally at him. “What do you think about that?”

He yawned.

“Great,” I said. “I knew you’d be excited.”

I turned him around so he faced me directly.
“Now pay attention, Marvin. Watch my lips.”

“This is a foundation program for guys who are not gaining fast enough. It’s a foundation program for guys who haven’t learned how to grow. It’s not designed to build definition. It’s not designed to peak your biceps. It’s not designed to get you into Mr. Universe condition. But if you don’t mind the foundation I’m talking about, none of those other things will ever happen. It’s as simple as that.”

Marvin turned and walked to the window.

“You’ll never build a really big body until you expand your rib cage. Do you understand that?”

Marvin leaned out the window.

“Crazy, man,” he muttered.

I dragged him back in.

“Will you pay attention?” I yelled.

He winced. “I got perfect pitch, Dad. You’ll ruin it.”

“Have you been listening?”

“Of course, man,” he said. “Of course.”

“What did I say?”

He coughed slightly. “Run it by me again.”

I closed my eyes and thought about early retirement.
“Never mind, Marvin. Let’s just do it.”


I got out a tape measure and put it around his chest.

He yelped and jumped away.
“Man, he said, “that’s cold.”

I dragged him back, put the tape around him and peered at it.
“Marvin, I said, “have you ever had a chest x-ray?”

He squinted down. “How much is it?”

“Thirty-four inches.”

I walked him over to the scales. “Get on.”
I fiddled with the counter-weight.

“How much?” he asked.

I looked closely at the pointer.
“You sure you got both feet on the scales?”

He nodded.

“One thirty-two,” I told him.

I walked him to a bench, made him sit down, and put a light bar across his shoulders.
“Now,” I said, “ten presses behind the neck.”

He did ten and I said, “There, that wasn’t so bad, was it?”

“I guess not, man.”

He got up and started for the door.

“Like maybe some time we can do it again.”

I grabbed him and dragged him back.
“We’re not finished yet,” I said. “There’s two more sets.”

He looked shocked.
“Two more sets? Man, I’ll get all sweaty.”

I clenched my teeth and said, “Marvin, pick up that goddamn bar and get moving or I’ll wrap it around your neck.”

He did two more sets and I said: “The next exercise is incline dumbbell curls. Three sets of ten and don’t work too hard at it.” He did the curls and I said: “Now, Marvin, we come to the start of the chest work. The key to the whole program.
The key to all your future progress.”

I took him over to the squat rack.

‘You’re going to do breathing squats. One set of twenty reps. We’ll start off light today and gradually build up to all the weight you can handle. Take three big breaths between each rep of the first ten and six breaths between each rep of the last ten and the first time I see you take a breath that isn’t the deepest you can take I’m going to pull your legs off. Is that clear?”

“Explicit, man,” he said. “Lucid, even.”

He started squatting. After five reps he began humming the scale each time he exhaled. He went up one note on each breath. When he started into the second octave he sounded like fingernails on a blackboard and I reached for his neck.

“Marvin,” I snarled, “this isn’t La Scala and you’re not Pavarotti. Just do the goddamn things and do them quietly.”

He finished the squats and I made him do a set of twenty pullovers with a light weight to stretch his rib cage.

“Now,” I told him, “we go to the next exercise.”

He looked up at me from the bench.

“There’s more?”

“Of course,” I said. “If you’re going to look like a married man you’ve got to work like one.”
I coaxed him through three sets of parallel bar dips, twelve reps per set.

“Now, I said, “you’ll like this. We’re going to do another set of breathing squats.
 Won’t that be great?”

“Marvelous,” he said.

He looked furtively at the door.

“Just bloody marvelous.”

“Twenty reps,” I told him.

“Twenty. Thirty.” He giggled. “A hundred and fifty. What does it matter?”

“Squats, Marvin,” I told him, “are the key to a really big chest and fast weight gains.
Nothing can take their place.”
 
“You could take mine,” he muttered.

He did the squats and another set of light pullovers.
I took him over to the lat machine.

“Now,” I said, “three sets of Pulldowns to the back of the neck. Fifteen reps each set and a medium width grip.”

After the pulldowns I said: “Take heart, Marvin. You’re almost finished. Just one set of stiff-legged deadlifts for fifteen reps and one more set of light pullovers for twenty reps.”

He gave me a sickly look.

“It’ll kill me, man.”

“Marvin,” I said, “will you stop that infernal whining. We’ve all got troubles to bear.”

I made him do the deadlifts standing on a block and lowering the bar down to his toes.

He groaned through each rep.

He did the final set of pullovers.

“There,” I said, “That’s it. Any complaints?”

He opened his mouth and I said: “Good. I knew you’d like it.”

He struggled to get off the bench.

“We’ll do the workout three days a week for the next month,” I said, “and then
we’ll make it a little more advanced.”

I slapped him on the shoulder.
“You’re going to make a fine son-in-law, Marvin.”

He coughed nervously.

“Actually,” he said, “ I may have been a trifle premature about this whole marriage thing.”

I gave him a cold look.

“Marvin,” I said, “are you considering jilting my little baby girl?”

He gulped and headed for the door.

“See you Wednesday, Dad!”



*******************************************************************************

The Big Chest Program, Part II
MuscleMag International
February, 1989


There is a street in a large city which runs parallel to and six blocks west of the main business section. Zoning regulations call it a secondary commercial area, which means that fire insurance premiums are twenty percent higher than they should be and parades go by a different route. Although the details were never listed in the municipal archives, the street has an enchanting historical background. Many years ago, a complete renovation project was conceived at City Hall. The motivating force was a lady alderman with the measurements of a sumo wrestler and the disposition of a starving pit bull. She was chauffeured to the street for a personal tour headlined to be the greatest media event since the parting of the Red Sea.

She started down the street. In the first block she received several lewd suggestions from the residents of the vacant lot on the corner and a six stitch bite on the hip from the doberman guarding the premises of the Coastal Iron Works. The lady was whisked away in an ambulance and the renovation project was dropped from council agenda. The street settled back to its normal routine and time wended its weary way.

The man who ran the dry goods store went broke and was replaced by two French widows who sold pastries in the front part of the store during the day and a much more popular commodity in the back part of the store at night. The furniture store was observed unloading small wrapped packages from an unmarked van at three in the morning and was replaced by a company the imported Chinese furniture. The man who owned the clothing store guessed wrong on summer shirt stylings and was shortly relieved of his sales problem by an early morning fire which leveled the building with speed and precision. Insurance investigators probed the rubble for several weeks and the shirt merchant was eventually given six to ten on the rockpile to contemplate the error of his ways. The ruins were cleaned up and replaced by a commercial gymnasium specializing in fast weight gains or losses for those in need of either.

One sunny afternoon, a young man walked briskly down the street. He had on blue tennis shoes with the toes cut out, an old pair of army pants with hearts sewn on both knees, and a bright green sweat shirt six sizes too big with the words WORK IS A FOUR LETTER WORD emblazoned on the front. He stormed into the gym, roared through the office door without knocking, and pounded his fist on the gym owner’s desk.

The gym owner gave a strangled shriek and leaped to his feet. His fingers clawed convulsively at the papers on the desk while his heart hammered in his throat.

“I’ve had it,” the young man screamed. “My patience has run out.”

The gym owner eased himself back into his chair and held his head in his hands.

“I want a big chest,” the young man yelled, “and I want it right now.”
He grabbed his sweat shirt and held it out from his body.
“When do I fill this shirt?”

The gym owner raised his head slowly and opened his eyes.
“Marvin,” he said, “Reg Park couldn’t fill up that shirt if he took Bill Pearl in with him.”
He smiled brightly. “However,” he said, “you are in luck.
Today we change to the second phase of your chest program. He beamed at the young man. “What do you think about that?”

The young man curled his lip. “Not much.”

“Great,” the gym owner said. “A positive attitude always helps.”
He pulled a sheet of paper out of the desk drawer and began writing on it.
“Now,” he said, “today we start on a program that’s a little more advanced.
One that’ll really fill out your rib cage.”

“Rib cage?” the young man shouted. “I got enough ribs already.”
He leaned over the desk and pounded on it.
“I want muscles,” he screamed.
“Muscles! Muscles! Muscles!”

The gym owner put on his most sincere look.
“Marvin,” he said, “a rib cage is essential for a big chest. You can’t do it any other way.”
He smirked wisely.
“You can’t put the cart before the horse, you know.”

“And what’s that gotta do with my chest?” the young man snarled at him.

“Actually” he said, ‘not that much when you think about it.”
He picked up a pen and wrote on the paper.
“I have a program designed especially for you, Marvin. It’ll expand your chest and pack on the muscle. And best of all, it doesn’t take any brains.”

The young man leaned forward.
“I didn’t get the last part.”

“I said, you’ll make big gains,” the gym owner told him. “Now listen up.”
“You’ll do a split routine. Two days on your chest and two days on the rest of your body.
“Now,” he said, ‘here’s the chest routine.
Take a little warmup and then do one set of heavy breathing squats for twenty reps. Take three huge breaths between each rep and work to your absolute limit. Try to add weight every workout.
“When you finish the last rep lay down on a bench and do twenty breathing pullovers with about twenty pounds.
”Stretch way back and suck in all the air you can.
“Take a five minute rest and then do another set of light breathing squats.
Twenty-five reps with the bar loaded to your bodyweight and then another set of light pullovers. If bodyweight squats don’t feel light, then you’ve got a long way to go.”

“Hold it,” the young man said.
“Bodyweight squats don’t feel light to me. How far have I got to go?”

“Quite a ways,” the gym owner said. He dropped into a gentle fatherly tone.
“But don’t forget,” he said, “the longest journey begins with a single step.”

The young man kicked the desk.
“And don’t forget I want big muscles, not a stack of stupid clichés.

The gym owner nodded approvingly.
“Exactly,” he said.
“Big Muscles.”

“Next,” he said, “take a short rest and then five sets of bench presses with all the weight you can handle. Ten reps per set and drop the poundage each set.
“Next is the flying exercise on a flat bench. Do five sets of twelve, get a stretch at the bottom, and drop the poundage slightly each set.”
“Now,” he said, “ a short rest and then one more set of bodyweight breathing squats and light pullovers. Twenty reps each.”
He smiled at the young man.
“Are you with me?”

The young man stared coldly at him.

“Marvelous,” the gym owner said.
“Enthusiastic cooperation.” He scribbled on the paper.
“The final exercise is three sets of stiff-legged deadlifts. Do them on a block and stretch down until the bar almost touches your feet. Do fifteen reps the first set, twelve reps the second set, and ten reps the third set. Do a set of light pullovers after each set.
“Now,” the gym owner said, “do the chest routine on Mondays and Thursdays. On Tuesdays and Fridays, work the rest of your body.
“Start off with three sets of presses behind the neck, twelve reps per set.
“Bent-over rowing comes next. Five sets of twelve with a narrow grip.
“Next, do three sets of dumbbell incline curls, ten reps per set.
“And finally,” he said, “pulldowns to the back of the neck on the lat machine for five sets of fifteen reps.”

He finished writing on the paper and handed it across the desk.
“What do you think?” he asked.

The young man frowned, “ I think it’s a lot of work.”

“It is,” the gym owner said. “It is indeed. But,” he gazed up at the ceiling and put on his most serene expression. “If a man’s reach does not exceed his grasp, what is heaven for?”
He smiled fondly at the young man.
“Do you know who said that?”

“No,” the young man said. “Nor do I give a damn”

“Great,” the gym owner muttered.
“Nothing so stimulating as a good literary discussion.

“Is that it?” the young man asked.

“For now.”
The gym owner steered the young man to the door.
“Next month I’ll change the program and tell you about a supplementary exercise that’ll generate big gains.

“Tell me now,” the young man said.

“No,” the gym owner told him. “One thing at a time.
He searched his mind for something convincing to say . . .
The moving finger writes, he thought to himself, and, having writ, moves on.
He looked at the young man and changed his mind.
“Work hard,” he said.



***********************************************************************************

The Big Chest Program Part III
MuscleMag International
March, 1989

I was eating breakfast when Marvin walked in. He sat down beside me and peered at the toast and omelet.
“Eating breakfast?” he asked.
“Yes, Marvin,” I said. “I’m eating breakfast. I’d hoped to do it alone.”
He took the fork out of my hand and scooped a large chunk of omelet into his mouth.
He handed back the fork.
I wiped it on my napkin.
“Little too much pepper,” he told me.
I heard the toast pop in the kitchen and got to my feet.
“Would you drink a glass of milk?” I asked him.
He beamed cheerfully. “Matter of fact, I would.”
“Good,” I said. I pointed to my glass. “Don’t drink that one.”

I brought the toast back and jerked the fork out of his hand.
He took a piece of toast and spread butter on it.
“Delicious,” he mumbled.
“Don’t talk with your mouth full,” I said. “You’re spraying crumbs all over the table.”
He took a deep breath and swallowed.
“Actually,” he said, “this is the day you’re supposed to give me the last part of my chest program.”
“I know,” I said. “I’ve got it ready.”
I studied him for a moment.
“You’re looking pretty good already. You’re sure you want to do the third part?”
He took the fork and piled omelet on his toast.
“Absolutely, man,” he said. “When they’re kicking sand next summer, I’m gonna be doing the kicking for a change.”
I thought about it.
“Marvin,” I said. “I’m getting the uneasy feeling I’m creating a monster here.”
He picked up the milk and drank it.
“However,” I said, “I have the last part of the program.

“You’ll do a four-day-a-week split program,” I told him. “Two days on chest specialization and two days on the rest of your body.”
“On Mondays and Thursdays start off with bodyweight breathing squats. That means the equivalent of your bodyweight on the bar and three huge breaths between each rep. Do one set of twenty-five reps, one set of twenty, and one set of fifteen. Do twenty light pullovers after each set of squats.”
“Next,” I said, “do bench presses for five sets of eight reps. Use a medium wide grip and work to your limit.”
“After the bench presses, do incline dumbbell presses for five sets of six. Let the weights go well out to the side and keep your elbows back.”
“Finally,” I said, “do flying exercises on a flat bench for five sets of twelve.”

Marvin ate another scoop of omelet.

“That’s all for the chest workout,” I told him. “Do you think you can handle it.”
He picked up another piece of toast and bit into it.
“I think so,” he said thoughtfully. “Provided I eat well.”
“Don’t worry about it,” I said, “You will.”

“Now,” I told him, “On Tuesdays and Fridays do the rest of the program.”
“Start off with regular presses. Do five sets of five in good style and not too much back bend.”
“Next, do standing lateral raises in very strict style for three sets of twelve.”
“Now,” I said, “we move to the back with five sets of eight on the standard bent-over rowing exercise. Use a close grip and pull the bar to your lower abdomen.”
“Next do chins with a close grip for five sets of eight.”
“After the chins, do pulldowns to the back of your neck on the lat machine. And remember,” I told him, “you’ve gotta work up into heavy weights on all these.”

I looked at him closely.
“Can you do that?”

He thought about it for a while and then opened his mouth.

“I know,” I said.
“Provided you eat well.”

“Next, the arms,” I said. “Alternate incline dumbbell curls with French presses on a flat bench for five sets of eight reps each.”
“Then alternate standing barbell curls with triceps extensions on the lat machine for five sets of ten reps each.”
“And finally, “I told him, “do prone hyperextensions for three sets of twelve. Get to where you can hold weights behind your neck as soon as possible.”

He pushed a piece of toast into his mouth with his forefinger and then licked the finger carefully.
“I’ll have to eat a lot,” he told me.
“Marvin,” I snarled at him, “you eat like a hammerhead shark now. Pay attention to me.”

“Finally,” I said, “we come to something a little different. It’s a supplementary exercise you can do half a dozen times throughout the day. Every day,” I added. I looked at him carefully.
“How does that grab you?”

He wiped egg off his chin.
“An exercise I can do half a dozen times every day?”
I nodded.
“Marvelous,” he said. “Just marvelous.”
He picked up the last piece of toast.
“Isn’t there something I can get up and do three or four times during the night?”
“No,” I said. “That’s not necessary. But it’s not that much work.”

He got up and walked into the kitchen. I heard the fridge door open. He came back with the peanut butter and the milk container.

“Now listen,” I said. “The supplementary exercise is a sort of chest pull that was invented a long time ago by a man named Peary Rader. It’s called the Rader chest pull.”
Marvin looked at me.
“It’s a chest pull invented by a guy called Rader, so they call it the Rader chest pull.
I put on my friendliest smile.
“Marvelous,” he said. “Just incredible.”
He spread an inch of peanut butter on his toast.
“Let me guess.”
He bit into the toast and wiped peanut butter off his mouth.
“You lay on the floor and someone pulls the squat rack on to your chest. Right?”
“No,” I said. “It’s a great exercise guaranteed to lift your sternum, expand your rib cage, and give you a nice high foundation for a really big chest.

He mumbled something

“Don’t talk with your mouth full,” I said.
“You can stand and use the top of a door, or sit and use the door handles, or kneel and use the top of a chair. Almost anything will do”
“Get in front of the solid object and grab it. Anything from shoulder width to hands touching is fine. Blow all the air out of your lungs and then inhale to the count of three. At three your lungs should be completely filled. Now, hold your breath and start pulling as though you were trying to form a letter ‘V’. Pull in and down as hard as you can for a count of three. You should feel your sternum lift, your rib cage expand and your pecs contract. Use the muscles in the front of your neck and try to lift your sternum even higher.”
“Now, relax and exhale to the count of three. Blow out all the air you can. Pause for a count of three on empty lungs and then do the cycle all over again. Inhale, tense, exhale, pause. One cycle counts one rep. Do twenty reps.”

I looked at Marvin.
“Have you got it?”

He patted my wrist.
“I’m with you.”

I wiped peanut butter off my hand.
“Good,” I said. “And don’t forget to do the exercise five or six times throughout the day.”

A month later, my wife invited Marvin for breakfast. He came slopping in wearing a ripped T-shirt, cut-offs with threads dangling past his knees and torn running shoes with a shredded black shoe in one of them and a shredded white shoe lace in the other. She put a bowl of whole grain cereal in front of him. “Eat up, Marvin,” she said.

“You look a lot better,” I told him. “How much did you gain?”
“About six inches on the chest,” he told me. “And twenty-one pounds.”
“Good,” I said. “And when are the nuptials?”

He stirred the cereal and raised a dripping spoon to his mouth.
“She turned me down.”
He sucked the cereal off the spoon. It sounded like a gumboot coming out of the mud at low tide.
“Really?” I said. I peered under the table at his shoe laces. “I wonder why.”
He pushed another load of cereal into his mouth. “Beats me,” he mumbled.

I drank the last of my milk and got up.
“Can you come for dinner next Sunday?”
He gulped down the cereal and nodded.
“Good,” I said.
“I’ll be out of town that day.”

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Developing Great Legs
MuscleMag International
April, 1989

I’ve got a mountain of muscle magazines dating back to about the time of the Napoleonic Wars. The other night my old friend Ollie and I sat down and thumbed through a stack of them.
“Yes, indeed,” I waved a 1945 classic at him. “They had some pretty great men back in those days.”
Ollie pored over his 1942 collector’s item. “Frank Leight, Gord Venables, Jules Bacon.”
“Bert Goodrich,” I said. “Tony Sansone, Sam Loprinzi.”
Ollie heaved a sigh.
“Marvelous.”
“And nostalgic,” I said. “Where blooms the rose of yesterday?”
Ollie gazed thoughtfully at the ceiling. “That’s Omar Khayyam, isn’t it.”
“No,” I said, “it’s me. I just made it up.”
He rooted deeper in the pile and brought out a yellowed 1937 edition.
“Tremendous.” he murmured.
I picked up the current MuscleMag and a very early Iron Man, opened them up and laid them side by side on the coffee table.
“Do you see the difference?” I asked him. “The one essential difference?”
He frowned at the magazines.
“Bigger,” I told him. “Much bigger.”
He smiled.


“Much, much bigger.” I nodded.
“And colour,” he said. “And better quality paper. And . . .”
“Not the books, Ollie,” I said. “The men in them. The musclemen of today are way bigger than their counterparts of thirty or forty years ago.”
“Right,” Ollie said. “That’s why the magazines have to be bigger. Otherwise the pictures wouldn’t fit.”

QUESTION: What do I need for a prize winning body?
ANSWER: You need a lot of things. You need shape. You need muscle density. You need definition and skin tone and a hundred and one other things. But most of all you need size. Sheer, unadulterated size.
Size! That’s the thing that separates the bull from the calves. Big muscles. Big like Arnold Schwarzenegger. Big like Lou Ferrigno. Big like Lee Haney.

QUESTION: I train hard. Why don’t I get bigger?
ANSWER: Probably because you don’t train properly for the stage you’re at now.
There are three areas of your body that promote bulk. Your legs, back, and rib cage. These areas determine whether you’ll have a Herculean body or a slender one. If you want a slim body, train normally. If you want a massive body, specialize on your legs, back and rib cage very early in your bodybuilding career and at various times throughout it when gains are lagging. Your legs, back and rib cage are your growth stimulation areas. Hard, proper training on them will force gains over your entire body. They also determine your potential for size at any given point in your career. None of your muscles will ever get much ahead of the potential determined for them by your legs, back, and rib cage. If you’re not making reasonable fast gains in muscular bulk, if your measurements aren’t moving, if your muscles aren’t getting any bigger, then you’ve almost certainly reached the potential set by the present development of your growth stimulation areas.


QUESTION: So what do I do?
ANSWER: Increase your potential by short periods of specialization on your legs, back, and rib cage.

QUESTION: How do I specialize on these areas?
ANSWER: Do three months of INTENSIVE leg work. Then do a regular growing routine for a month or two. Then wind it up with three months of equally intensive back work. The leg and back routines force enormous amounts of deep breathing. Supplement the deep breathing with special exercises to expand your rib cage. After that you can go back to your regular routines and grow like a baby elephant.
You’ve got to understand one thing. Intensive means you do every set of every exercise to complete failure, till you can’t budge the weight the slightest fraction of an inch. It means you work harder than you’ve ever worked in your life.
It means you put out every last ounce of your strength and will power each and every time you work out. If you’re not prepared to work that hard, don’t bother doing the program.
Start with your legs.

The program will be in three steps. Do the break-in routine the first month, the middle routine the second month, and the full routine the third month. The full routine is so intense that if you started right in on it, you wouldn’t be able to walk for a week.

Your primary exercise will be squats . . .
If you work out with a couple of other guys there’s no problem. They can spot you. Squat till you can’t come up and then they help you. If you train alone it’s a different ball game. Sticking on the bottom of a heavy squat is like getting hit by a gravel truck. You need a safety device. If you don’t have a power rack or safety catchers on your squat rack, try this:
Hang two ropes from the ceiling about three feet apart and a couple of feet out from your squat rack. Make sure they’re solid. If you train in your basement, screw two heavy-duty hooks into the joists. Put a loop on the bottom end of the ropes big enough to hold your squat bar. The ropes should be an inch or two longer than the distance from the hooks in the joists to the bar when you’re in the parallel position of a squat. In other words, if you go a couple of inches below parallel, the ropes are stretched tight.
Put the loops over the empty bar just outside the inside collars. Load up the bar. Now, if you get stuck on the bottom, just sag a couple of inches, let the ropes take the weight, and crawl out from under.
Here’s your first month’s routine:

Warm up carefully. Anyone who does heavy squats with their muscles as cold as a landlord’s heart is completely certifiable.
Wear a full sweat suit. You can show off your muscles after you finish the workout. Do some free or very light squats. Do a couple of sets of prone hyper-extensions with just your bodyweight. Do a little loose running on the spot. You should be sweating slightly when you finish your warm-up.
Your first exercise is squats. Do them in puff and pant style. Three huge breaths between each repetition. Do about twenty reps. I say ABOUT twenty reps because you squat till you can’t do another rep.
We’re going to talk more about hard work next month when you start the middle routine. Just take it for now that work to your limit. Grind out what feels like your last squat and then do five or six more.

QUESTION: How many sets do I do?
ANSWER: Hah! If you can even consider a second set, you haven’t been working anywhere near hard enough. When you finish the set, crawl or hobble – you shouldn’t be able to walk properly – to a bench and do one set of light pullovers. Twenty pounds or so is enough. Do twenty reps, take in all the air you can and really stretch your rib cage. Now take a five minute rest.
Your next exercise is leg curls. Two sets. Do each set for as many reps as you can – somewhere between twelve and twenty. Grind them out until you can’t budge the weight. Drop the poundage about ten pounds for the second set.
Your next exercise is leg extensions. Same procedure as with the leg curls. Two sets of twelve to twenty reps. Each set until you can’t move the weight. Drop the weight about ten pounds for the second set.
Your last exercise is calf raises on the calf machine. Do them to your limit for three sets of fifteen to twenty-five reps. And that’s all the legs work for the first month. It may not seem like much, but if you work to your limit on each set it’ll be plenty.
Do the leg workout on Mondays and Thursdays. On Tuesdays and Fridays do the following:

Bench Press - two sets of twelve reps
Rowing - three sets of fifteen reps
Press Behind the Neck - two sets of ten reps
Curl - two sets of ten reps
Stiff-legged Dead Lift - one set of fifteen reps

Make up your mind whether or not you want to complete the leg specialization. Make up your mind whether or not you’re willing to work harder than you ever have before. If you’re not, there’s really no point starting. If you are, then jump on and watch for big gains. 
***********************************************************************************
Leg Specialization, Part II
MuscleMag International
May, 1989

QUESTION: Why do Mr. Olympia’s arms grow when he exercises them?
ANSWER: Because Mr. Olympia’s arms have the potential for further growth.
QUESTION: Why do they have this potential?
ANSWER: Because Mr. Olympia has attained sufficient development of his legs, back, and rib cage.

As we discussed last month, your legs, back, and rib cage are the growth stimulation areas of your body. Properly exercised, they force gains over your entire physique. They’re the only muscle groups that do this. Your deltoids don’t. Your biceps won’t. You can do biceps exercises till the roof falls in and they won’t do anything for the rest of your body. They won’t even do much for your biceps unless your growth stimulation areas are well developed.
Training routines have changed a lot in recent years. The human body hasn’t changed at all, though. It still responds to correct training methods. It still flunks out on incorrect methods. If you’re not gaining rapidly, you’re probably training incorrectly. Do the correct thing. Specialization on your growth stimulation areas.

We started leg specialization last month. The program was intended to be a break-in for this routine. If you’ve been working as hard as you were supposed to, you’ll be ready now for the next routine. If you haven’t been working hard, then get with it. Don’t try doing this routine without at least a month’s hard work on the break-in.

Start off with a good warm-up. Wear a full set of sweats and get your muscles ready for the heavy stuff.
The first exercise is heavy squats in puff-and-pant style the same as in the break-in routine. Do one set of approximately twenty reps. Use spotters. Work until you can’t complete another rep and then let the spotters take the weight.

The squat is the KING of the growing exercises. There’s more value in one set of heavy squats – done properly – than all the other exercises in a program put together. Squats are your key to success. Squats are your route to a massive, shapely body. Get on the band wagon and ride with the big boys.

Squat till the tops of the thighs are parallel with the floor. There’s absolutely no advantage going any deeper. Going to rock bottom doesn’t do anything more for your growing muscles, but it puts a lot of strain on your knees and lower back. If you crock them up, you won’t be doing any heavy squats for a long time.

Don’t stay in the low position. Come up like you sat on a hot stove. Dawdling in the low position eliminates all of the growing benefits from the exercise.

The one factor that can’t be stressed too much is hared work. You’ve got to psyche yourself up and squat like the fate of mankind depended on every rep.

As soon as you finish squatting, do twenty pullovers with about twenty pounds. Do them while you’re short of air. Breathe in as the weight goes back and out as you raise it again. Concentrate on the depth of your breathing and on stretching your rib cage to its maximum.

Take five minutes’ rest after the pullovers. If you worked hard enough
on the squats it won’t be a second too long.

The next exercise is leg presses. Load it up heavy and do two sets of about twenty reps. Fix the safety supports in the low position and work at each set until you can’t budge the weight off the supports. Do a set of light pullovers after each set of leg presses.

You have to work into extremely heavy weight to make the leg presses effective. Don’t fool around with light weights. Your gains will come in direct proportion to the poundage you use. Don’t be misled. Big muscles are built one way and one way only – hard work with heavy weights.

The next exercise is calf raises on the calf machine. Do three sets of about twenty-five reps, each set to complete failure. Use a high block under your toes so that your calves are completely stretched when your heels are in the low position. Calf exercises don’t have a growth stimulation effect. They do, however, draw blood into your legs and that helps your thighs. In any event, you’ll need big calves to balance the rest of your physique.

The next exercise is step-ups on a block. Step-ups aren’t done much these days which is too bad, because they’re a tremendous exercise. They work the big thigh muscles beautifully, force enormous amounts of deep breathing, and stimulate growth like nothing on earth.

Use a foot-high block. The block should be wide enough so that you can stand on it with both feet at the finish of each rep. Set it close to your squat rack. Take the bar off the rack and do as many step-ups as you can – about twenty – with one leg.

Then, without putting down the weight, do as many reps as you can with your other leg. Dump the bar back on the rack as soon as you finish and do a set of light pullovers.

For your second set, start off with the opposite leg to the one with which you started the first set. Drive up real hard. You can get a push from the toes of the leg not being exercised.

You’ll find the breathing is something else. When you finish with the first leg you should be literally gasping for air. Keep going and do the other leg no matter what it feels like. Do another twenty light pullovers at the end of the second set.

The next exercise is hack squats on the hack machine. Hacks are terrific for your frontal thigh muscles, particularly the ones just above your knees that give bodybuilders’ legs that unique look. Do two sets of hacks, about twenty reps per set. Again, do each set to complete failure. Do them until you’re stuck in the low position with your thighs absolutely screaming.

Do a set of light pullovers after each set of hacks. Twenty reps with twenty pounds and suck in all the air you can.

Now you go back to the calf machine again. Do three more sets of calf raises, about twenty-five reps per set, each set done to failure. Calves, despite moans to the contrary, can be built.

The last two exercises are thigh curls and leg extensions on the machine, the same as in the break-in routine. This month, however, do them in super-set style. Three sets of each, about fifteen reps per set. Hang on to the machine, grit your teeth, and force each set until you can’t squeeze out another rep.
Do a set of thigh curls first. Then, without any rest at all, do a set of leg extensions. Your legs should now be begging you to stop. Take a one-minute rest and then do another set of thigh curls and extensions with no rest between them. Your legs should now feel like they’re dropping off. Ignore them. Take another one-minute rest and then do another set each of curls and extensions with no rest between them.
And that’s it. Your legs should be like rubber. If you worked hard enough, you shouldn’t be able to walk normally for at least an hour.

It’s impossible to describe to you the absolute necessity of hard work. Hard work means everything. You can develop the body of a Hercules with it. You’re nowhere without it.

Do this routine for the next month. Work the leg routine on Mondays and Thursdays.

On Tuesdays and Fridays do the following:
Parallel Bar Dips – 3 x 12
Pulley Chins – 3 x 12
Press Behind Neck – 3 x 10
Incline Curls – 3 x 10
Triceps Press On Pulley – 3 x 10
Prone Hyper-extensions – 2 x 12
Crunches – 2 x 15

QUESTION: What results can I expect?
ANSWER: Unless you’re an extremely advanced bodybuilder, you can expect to add about two inches to your thighs, about four inches to your chest, gain ten to twenty pounds, and increase your strength twenty-five percent during the entire specialization period. When you go back to regular training, you can expect your other muscle groups to register improvement almost from workout to workout until you again reach the limits of your growth potential.

Pour everything into this program.

You’ll get out of it exactly what you put into it. Next month we’ll look at the third and final segment of the growth stimulation program.  

**************************************************************************************

Leg Specialization, Part III
MuscleMag International
June, 1989

The other night I got woken up by a phone call about 2:00 A.M. I rolled over but it kept ringing. My wife sat up.
“Get the phone,” I told her.
“Are you crazy?” she said. “It’s on your side of the bed.”
“The walk around the bed.”
“I’ll walk on your head,” she said. “Answer it.”
I picked up the phone.
“Is this McCallum?” a voice snarled at me.
“I think so,” I mumbled. “Who’s this?”
“So you write for MuscleMag?”
I cleared my throat.
”Yes, indeed.” I said. “And I’m proud to do it. I want to shine the light of my experience on the problems of the struggling bodybuilder. But no thanks are necessary. Just knowing that there’s someone out there . . .”
“You moron,” he screamed. “Are you trying to kill me? My legs are so sore I can barely walk on them.”
I hung up the phone and rolled back into bed.
“Who was it?” my wife asked.
“A grateful fan,” I said. “Sounded like your father."

One thing the growing bodybuilder has to learn is that if you work hard in the sense that I mean it, your muscles will occasionally get sore. There will come a time in your career when no amount of work will make them sore, but that may be a long way off for most of you. For now, figure on occasional soreness or lower your expectations and switch to easier programs.

The average bodybuilder doesn’t know ships from shinola about hard work. He confuses quality with quantity. He performs endless sets with baby weights, trying to pump up like the Goodyear blimp. Walk up to one and ask him how his mother is.
“Gotta get a pump,” he’ll mutter. “Gotta get a pump.”
He thinks he’ll end up looking like Hercules.
The cold hard fact of the matter is that he won’t. Light, prolonged training doesn’t induce growth. It eleven reps with 150 pounds in the bench press is your absolute limit, then one set of twelve reps will make you grow. Fifteen sets with 100 pounds won’t do anything except use up your time. If you’re working hard enough, it isn’t necessary to spend all day in the gym. It isn’t even desirable unless you want to be a squat rack junkie.

Despite all the commercial claims to the contrary, there really aren’t that many secrets to success in bodybuilding. Hard work is one of the few, and the only reason it’s a secret is for commercial reasons. You can’t sell it in a bottle and you can’t make it into a pill. You can’t put it up your nose and you can’t shoot it in your hip. If gym owners told the truth about hard work, they’d scare away 90% of their clientele. Nevertheless, and perhaps unfortunately, hard work is and will always be the major factor in your progress.

A long time ago, a man named Louis Abele specialized with incredible intensity on his legs for three months. Then he specialized for another three months on his back. Then he went on a general program. He did this several times during his training career. He was so impressed with the results that he wrote it up in detail a good many years before most of you were born.

Remember, there were no steroids in those days. There was no sophisticated equipment. No one knew a gram of protein from a lump of sugar. Abele couldn’t spend long hours every day in the gym. He wasn’t being subsidized by a magazine or an equipment manufacturer. He earned a living as a carpenter. The only thing Abele knew about was hard work, but he knew all about that. He said he worked so hard when he squatted that his teeth ached from the heavy breathing.

Results? Abele set new records. He became the world’s heavyweight lifting champion. He built 18 ½ inch arms on 7 ¼ inch wrists way back when 15 inch arms got you membership in a muscle club. It was called the 15 inch arm club, believe it or not. He built 28 inch thighs on 9 inch ankles when 22 inch thighs got you over a tall building in a single bound. He built a 52 inch chest when all the 44 inch chest men in the world wouldn’t have filled two tables at a bridge tournament. Where did he lay the credit? On unbelievably hard work on the growth stimulation areas.
If you learn nothing else from this series, learn about hard work.

Do the following on Mondays and Thursdays.

Start off with squats. You’re going to do eight sets of about eight reps. Use the first three sets as warm-up sets. Do a very light set. Then add some weight and do the second set. Then add some weight and do the second set. Then add some more weight and do the third set.

The fourth set should be with your maximum poundage. If you make the full eight reps, add ten pounds and do a fifth set. If you make eight reps on the fifth set, add ten pounds and do the sixth set. Try to add weight for the seventh and eighth sets. Anytime you can’t make the full eight reps, drop the weight about ten pounds or so for each of the remaining sets.
Do a light set of pullovers after each set of squats. Ten reps with about twenty pounds is plenty. Just concentrate on stretching your rib cage.

You’ll notice that the reps are considerably less than the ones used in the first and second months of the specialization routine. That doesn’t mean you don’t work as hard. It means you use heavier weights.

You’ve got to grind. You’ve got to squat with very heavy weights. If you want to look like Platz, you’ve got to lift like Platz. Don’t think you’ll grow on light work until you look like Platz and then you’ll be as strong as he is. That’s not how it works. It would be nice if it did, but it doesn’t.

You’ve got to lift weights like Platz and then, if you’re lucky, you might look something like him. Following the superstars program won’t make you look anything like him unless you’re also lifting his poundages.

There’s a right way and a wrong way to do heavy squats. Get spotters if you can. Step under the bar, lift it clear of the rack, and then back up two steps. Just get clear of the rack. If you feel like a long walk, do it some other time. For now, save your strength for the squats.

Pad the bar heavily and ride it low on your shoulders. The padding will take the pain out of it, and riding the bar low will cut down the leverage against your lower back.

Space your feet comfortably. Your heels should be a foot or so apart with your toes turned out about thirty-five degrees. Some men squat in their bare feet, but it’s not a good practice unless you make a living treading grapes. You’ll do a lot better with your feet tucked into a sturdy pair of boots.
The next exercise is leg presses. Do five sets of ten reps. Every time you make the ten reps, add ten pounds for the next set. Every time you don’t make ten reps, take off ten pounds for the next set.
Do another set of light pullovers after the final set of leg presses.

The next exercise is squats on the hack machine. Do five sets of twelve reps. Use the same weight adjustments as in the squats and leg presses – add ten pounds for the next set every time you make he full twelve reps, and take off ten pounds for the next set every time you don’t make the full twelve reps.
Do a set of light pullovers after the last set of hack squats.

Finish off the workout with calf raises on the machine for five sets of twenty-five.

On Tuesdays and Fridays, do the following.
Incline Bench Press – 3 x 10
Long Pulley Rowing – 3 x 12
Upright Rowing – 3 x 10
Close Grip Barbell Curls – 3 x 8
Seated Triceps Press – 3 x 8
Stiff Legged Deadlift – 1 x 15
Bent Knee Sit-up – 1 x 25

This is the last month of the leg specialization program. Don’t forget, you’re not doing it just for your legs. You’re also doing it for the growth stimulation effect it will have on the rest of your body. You’ll never get truly Herculean until you develop the maximum potential of your growth stimulation areas.

Give it your best shot. Give it everything that’s in you. 
************************************************************************************

Back Specialization, Part I
MuscleMag International
July, 1989

There is a young man named Terry who lives in a badly cluttered one-bedroom apartment overlooking the beach. The apartment looks like it received a direct hit during a civil war. The guarantee of free rent for five years wouldn’t have dragged a Trappist Monk eight feet off a rock ledge.

In the disaster area known as the kitchen, one is treated to a panoramic vista of moldy egg shells, empty milk cartons, bones form which the steak has long since been gnawed and a grease-covered stove, one burner of which holds a pot filled with a greenish, cotton-like substance which has started working its way slowly down the outside.

The bedroom, which would have registered about a 8.2 on the open-ended Richter, contains a full-length mirror and enough clothing on the floor to stock a small boutique.
The area known laughingly as the living room contains a collection of furniture that might be catalogued as Early Canadian Castoff, covered with old muscle magazines and three inches of dust. There are sliding doors on the end wall leading to a small balcony. Any time the temperature rises significantly above the freezing point, Terry stands on the balcony in his bathing suit hoping for a sun tan. Terry is twenty-six years old. He stands five feet ten inches tall except when he is lying down which is most of the time. He weighs about 220 pounds of solid muscle and wants to weight thirty pounds more.

Terry spends two hours a day, four days of the week, working out in a small commercial gym. He spends half an hour a day, seven days of the week, standing in front of the mirror in his bedroom wishing he looked like Lee Haney.

Early one Monday morning, Terry squeezed into his tightest muscle shirt and went down to the gym where he trained. He walked into the owner’s office and spread his lats in front of the mirror on the wall. The gym owner looked up from his desk and smiled pleasantly.
“Morning, Terry,” he said. “How’s it going?
Terry turned sideways to the mirror, flexed his arm, and studied his image silently and intently.
“Always nice to have these cheery morning chats with the clientele,” the gym owner said. “I’m just fine, thanks.”
Terry turned his back to the mirror and craned his head around to look over his shoulder. “Can’t you get double mirrors in here?”
“That’s a tailor’s mirror,” the gym owner told him. “You’re supposed to look into it when you’re fully dressed.”
Terry turned to face the mirror again.
“Why would anyone want to do that?”
“In here they wouldn’t,” the gym owner muttered. “It’s something I’ve never fully understood.”
Terry looked critically at his reflection. “Do you think I’m big enough?”
The gym owner pursed his lips. “For a mountain gorilla, yes.
For Mr. Olympia, maybe no.”
“That’s the problem,” Terry said. “You’ve hit it right on the head.”
The gym owner beamed. “Naturally,’ he said. “That’s where my years of experience and my blinding intellect come in to . . .”
Terry walked over to the gym owner’s desk and hammered the top of it with his fist.
“Then how do I get bigger?”
The gym owner picked the calendar off the floor and set it back on the desk.
“Did you do the leg specialization program?”
“Yes,” said Terry. “I did.” He walked back to the mirror and peered at his legs.
“The trouble with leg muscles,” he said, “is you can’t see them through your pants.”
The gym owner looked at him for thirty seconds.
“You could sell your pants.”
“Sell my pants?” Terry repeated.
“And wear panty hose on the street.”
Terry frowned and then turned to face the gym owner.
“That would look funny, wouldn’t it?”
The gym owner closed his eyes for a moment and thought about joining the navy.
“If you did the leg specialization, then you’re ready for the back specialization.”
Terry peered at the gym owner.
“Back specialization?”
“The next of the growth stimulation areas.”
Terry wrinkled his forehead.
“Growth stimulation areas?”
The gym owner looked at the ceiling. What is this, he thought to himself, a ventriloquist act? “We talked about it,” he said. “Remember? Now you specialize on your back for three months.”
“I think my back is big enough,” Terry said. “I want my arms to be as big as Lee Haney’s.”
The gym owner beckoned him over.
“Sit down, Terry,” he said. “Watch my lips. For you arms to be as big as Lee Haney’s, you’ve got to have that kind of growth potential. So what do you do?”
Terry opened his mouth but the gym owner lifted a finger.
“What you do,” he said, “is increase your growth potential with specialized work on the growth stimulation areas. Your legs, your back, and your rib cage. Specialize properly on those areas and then, when you go back to regular training, you’ll grow to the limit of your new potential.” He smiled pleasantly. “Doesn’t that sound like fun?”
“It sounds like a lot of hard work,” Terry muttered.
“It is, indeed,” the gym owner said. “But think of all the money you’ll make when you’re Mr. Olympia.”
Terry beamed.
“And think how happy I’ll be,” the gym owner said. “You can pay your dues on time..
But enough of this little chit-chat,” the gym owner said. He dug a workout sheet out of a drawer and scribbled on it. “Here,” he said, “Do this on Mondays and Thursdays:

Bench Press – 3 x 15
Curl – 2 x 10
Seated Press Behind Neck – 2 x 12
Squats – 1 x 20
Light Pullovers – 1 x 20
Crunches – 2 x 20

“Use all the weight you can in first four exercises. Do the squats in puff and pant style. Three huge breaths after each rep. Try to add weight every workout.”
“Now, he said, “the back work is the important part of the program. Do it on Tuesdays and Fridays.
“Start off with prone hyperextensions,” he said. “Do one warmup set of fifteen reps with just bodyweight and then jump into the heaviest weight you can handle for one set of fifteen reps. Add some weight and do another set of ten reps. Then add more weight and do one set of six reps.
“I’ve never been really crazy about hyperextensions,” Terry said.
“Then get crazy about them,” the gym told him. “They were a favorite with Reg Park and if you ever look anything remotely like him you won’t have anything to complain about.
“Next, he said, “warm up with a very light set of fifteen wide grip pulldowns to the back of your neck on the lat machine. Then use all the weight you can for another three sets of fifteen reps. Drop the weight each set so you can keep the reps up.”
He smiled at Terry. “How does it grab you so far?”
“I can handle it,” Terry beamed.
“Good,” the gym owner said. “There’s a little more.”
“When you finish on the lat machine do five sets of twelve reps on the regular bent-over rowing exercise. Take a close grip on the bar, thumbs about six inches apart, and pull the weight to your lower abdomen. Don’t set the weight down between reps. Round your back when the bar is at rock bottom and arch it when the bar is touching your abdomen.
“Finally,” he said, “you do stiff-legged deadlifts. Three sets of eighteen reps. Use all the weight you can handle on the first set and drop the weight each succeeding set so you can get the full number of reps.
“Do the deadlifts standing on a good solid block so you can lower the bar down near your toes. Don’t put the bar down right away when you finish the set. Hold on to it and do shrugs until you do another set or you can’t hold the bar any longer whichever comes first. Then set the bar down.”
The gym owner leaned back in his chair. “And that’s the routine for the first month. It doesn’t sound so tough, does it.”
Terry frowned,” It sounds tough enough.”
The gym owner leaned forward and slapped him on the shoulder.
“Nonsense, my boy. Nonsense,” he chortled. “When I was your age I worked twice that hard for the sheer joy of it.”

The gym owner rose out of his chair and walked over to the mirror.
“And look at the results,” he boomed. He took a deep breath and flexed both arms.
“Sterling craftsmanship,” he murmured. “Grown fine and mellow with age.”

Terry got to his feet.
“Which?” he said.
“You or the mirror?”

*************************************************************************************

Back Specialization, Part II
MuscleMag International
August, 1989

Early one morning, the radio announced the weather at 12 C, with a brisk wind and a cold rain falling. A mean day, as the old Newfie trawlermen used to say. The kind of day when only graduates of Fantasy Island Secondary School and advanced bodybuilders go out without a coat and normal people don’t go out at all if they can help it. In the rubble of his bachelor apartment, a young man named Terry slipped on his designer jeans and cowboy boots, struggled into his tightest T-shirt and headed downtown to work out.

Terry passed up two spaces in front of the gym and parked three blocks down the street. He headed back on foot, remembering to keep his lats spread and his triceps tightly flexed. At the first corner he passed a group of teenage girls huddled together under umbrellas. They stared open-mouthed as Terry paraded by and then giggled little fantasies that would have horrified their mothers.

In the next block he passed three old men standing in a doorway assuring themselves that, when they were young, they looked exactly like Terry only more so, and an elderly lady who gawked with bulging eyes at Terry for a full minute and then blushed for the first time in forty-seven years.

In the final block, Terry smiled politely at a young woman in a nurse’s uniform. The young woman stared at Terry’s chest and walked into a parking meter.

Terry wheeled into the gym. His body was turning blue from the cold and his face was turning purple from holding his breath. He walked into the gym owner’s office.

The gym owner was standing by the window looking gloomily out at the rain. He threw a crumpled sheet of paper to the floor. “Do you know what that is?” he snapped.
Terry coughed nervously. “Not really,” he said. “Perhaps a . . .”
“It’s a tax increase,” the gym owner snarled. “A great big, goddam, totally unreasonable, seventeen percent tax increase.”
Terry picked the paper off the floor and laid it on the desk.
“Why me? A simple, honest, God-fearing businessman who never cheated anyone except perhaps the government.”
He hammered the window ledge with his fist. The plaster cracked under the ledge and an autographed picture of Reg Park fell off the wall.
“Maybe I’ll come back later,” Terry said.

The gym owner turned around and looked at Terry for a long minute.
Then he sighed. “It’s not your fault” He walked over to his desk and sat down.
“I’m ready for the next step in the back program,’ Terry told him. “And I gotta admit I’m gaining weight and my strength is increasing.”
“Good,” the gym owner said. “How much?”
“About seventeen percent.”
The gym owner leaped to his feet.
“Are you making fun of me?” he screamed. “Are you so goddam totally insensitive to the plight of a kindly, poverty-stricken old . . .”
“Wait,” Terry said. “Wait. It’s just a coincidence. Sit down, please.”

The gym owner held a trembling hand to his forehead and eased himself back into his chair. “OK.” he said. “Where were we?”
“We’re in your office,” Terry told him.
“I don’t mean that, you idiot. I mean where did we leave off?”
“My back program,” Terry said. “I’m ready for the second step.”
“Right,” the gym owner said. “The second step.”

He pulled two sheets of paper out of the desk drawer and scribbled on the first one.
“Here’s your Monday and Thursday routine,” he said. He handed it to Terry.

Incline Bench Press – 3 x 12
Upright Row – 2 x 12
Incline Dumbell Curl – 2 x 10
Standing Triceps Extension – 2 x 10
Puff and Pant Squats – 1 x 20
Light Pullover – 1 x 20
Crunches – 1 x 25

“That’s a simple program,” he said. “In isolation, it’d outlive its usefulness pretty quick. But, coupled with the back specialization routine, it’ll keep your body growing while you’re increasing your growth potential.”
Terry glanced at the paper.
“Don’t try for maximum poundage,” the gym owner told him. “Just feel the weight and get a little pump.”
Terry laid the paper on the desk. “It doesn’t look too taxing.”

The pen snapped in the gym owner’s hand. His face turned blue and he lurched to his feet.
“Wait!” Terry yelled. “Hold it!” He patted the desk. “I didn’t mean that.” He held up a hand. “Take it easy. Please.”
The gym owner clutched at his chest. “I think I’m having a heart attack.”
“You’re not,” Terry said. “You’re just upset. Anyone would be.”
The gym owner sat down again.
“You think so?”
“Of course,” Terry said. “Why don’t you write them a nasty letter?”
“I was thinking of hanging myself in the mayor’s office,” the gym owner said. “That’d be nasty.”
“No,” said Terry. “That wouldn’t . . .”
“Or maybe hang the mayor,” the gym owner muttered. “That’d be even nastier.”

He wrote carefully on the second piece of paper.
“Here,” he said. “Your back routine.”

Long Pulley Row – 5 x 12
Lat Pulldowns – 5 x 12
Prone Hyper-extensions – 3 x 15
Power Cleans –
1 x 12
1 x 10
1 x 8
1 x 5
1 x 3
Stiff-Legged Deadlift and Shrug – 3 x 12

“Lean well forward on the pulley rows,” he said. “Get a good stretch. Pull the handles into your lower abdomen at the contraction end of the movement. Pull them hard against your skin. Drop the weight each set and keep the reps up to twelve.
“Take a fairly close grip on the pulley chins. Hands about eight inches apart. Work through the full range of the movement. Try to pull the bar down to your upper chest area.
“Start working hard on the hyper-extensions. You should be holding a light bar behind your neck by now. Keep trying to add weight to the bar.
“The power cleans are very important in this routine,” he said. “The higher rep sets should leave you gasping and the lower rep sets should take everything you’ve got. Don’t set the bar down between reps. Stand upright and hang on to the bar while you take a couple of deep breaths. Then lower the bar almost to the floor, give a huge pull and clean it again. Don’t split or squat when you’re cleaning the bar. Don’t move your feet at all. Just power it up as fast and as hard as you can.”

He looked at Terry.
“Are you getting all this?”
“Of course,” Terry said. “I’m hanging on every word.”
The gym owner pushed his chair back.
“Listening to every word,” Terry said. “Sir.”
“Good,” the gym owner said. “Now pay attention. The last exercise is stiff-legged deadlifts. Do them the same way as last month. Stand on a block and let the bar down to the tops of your feet. Pull it up smoothly and arch your back at the top. Don’t set the bar down at the end of the set. Stand up straight and do shrugs with it until your hands or your traps give out. Drop the weight each set so you can keep the reps up.
“The deadlifts are a key exercise,” the gym owner said. “But they really pay off if you work hard enough at them.”
“How hard is that?” Terry asked him.
“I know a guy who used 425 for eighteen reps years before you were born,” the gym owner told him. “His name is Maurice Jones. He was five-foot-eight, weighed about 240, and was unquestionably the best-built man in the world at that time.”
Terry frowned, “I never heard of him.”
“They didn’t have the contests or the media in those days,” the gym owner said. “And it’s too bad. Maury had the most Herculean body I’ve ever seen. There weren’t any drugs or supplements and they didn’t worry too much about definition in those days, but for sheer, awesome, shapely muscular bulk and incredible power, he was in a class by himself.”
“He was my idol,” the gym owner said. “Someday I’ll tell you all about him.”

Terry looked at the paper.
“Anyway,” he said, “I’ll make good progress on this program, eh?”
The gym owner nodded.
“Promise?”
“You can’t fail,” the gym owner said. “It’s as sure as . . . As . . .”
He searched his mind.
“Death and taxes?” Terry suggested.
The gym owner sprang to his feet and his chair crashed against the floor. He pointed to the door. “Out!” he screamed. “OUT!”

***********************************************************************************

Back Specialization, Part III
MuscleMag International
September, 1989

One cold Monday morning Terry put on the cleanest of his dirty shirts and drove down to the gym. He parked his car, walked through the main door and into the gym owner’s office.

The owner was tilted back in his chair with his feet on the desk, looking at an old Playboy
which he had inserted between the pages of the current MuscleMag.
He closed the magazine quickly and tossed it on to the desk so that only the MuscleMag showed.

“Great magazine,” he said.
“Inspirational,” Terry agreed.
“And thought-provoking.”
Terry walked over to the mirror.
“Terrific photos.”
“Terrific,” the gym owner echoed. He stole a glance at the MuscleMag to see if the Playboy was showing.
Terry took a deep breath and spread his lats. “Great bodies in there.”
“Great bodies,” the gym owner agreed. He scooped the magazines off the desk and tossed them into a drawer.
“Thought-provoking, too.”
“Indeed,” Terry said. “Thought-provoking.”
The gym owner pressed his fingers to his temples. “I’m getting a feeling of deja-vu,” he muttered. “Shall we run through it again?”

Terry studied himself in the mirror.
The gym owner waited.
Terry swung into a side chest pose.
“What the hell are you doing?” the gym owner said. “You’ll wear out the mirror. Aren’t you supposed to be working out?”
“I’m going to,” Terry told him. “But I got a problem.”
“About what?”
Terry peered at his reflection. “Who do you think I look like?”
“You look like Godzilla on his day off,” the gym owner told him. “Who did you think you looked like?”
“I was hoping for Lee Haney,” Terry said.
“My boy,” the gym owner said in his most fatherly tone, “you’ve got a long way to go.” He smiled. “On the other hand, you’re making great progress. And when you finish the back specialization program and go back to regular training, you can expect some big gains.”
“Will I look like Lee Haney?”
The gym owner closed his eyes.
“My son, you may never look like Lee Haney. But you’ll have increased your potential for growth. And someday, who knows, you may look like him.”

Terry walked over to the desk and sat down. “Just one month to go on the back routine.”
“I know,” the gym owner said. “And I’ve got a program all ready.”
He handed a sheet of paper to Terry.
“There’s your Monday and Thursday workout.
Terry studied the paper.

Parallel Bar Dips – 5 x 12
Lateral Raise – 3 x 15
Curl – 3 x 10
Pulley Triceps Extension – 3 x 12
Puff-and-Pant Squats – 1 x 20
Light Pullovers – 1 x 20
Crunches – 2 x 20

“It looks like hard work,” he said.
“It is,” the gym owner told him. “But don’t forget that’s the key to success. All great men know the secret of hard work.”
Terry cocked an eyebrow. “Like who?”
“Like my uncle Freddie,” the gym owner said. “A truly remarkable man.”
“Was he a bodybuilder?”
“No,” the gym owner said. “He was an accountant.”
Terry sneered. “That doesn’t sound like hard work.”
“Normally it wouldn’t be,” the gym owner sighed. “But they found his other set of books and gave him three to five on the rock pile. That’s hard work.”

He handed Terry another sheet of paper.
“Here’s your Tuesday and Friday back specialization workout.”

Long Pulley Rowing – 5 x 12
Bent-Over Rowing – 5 x 10
Prone Hyperextension – 3 x 10
Stiff-Legged Deadlift – 3 x 10
Power Cleans –
2 x 8
3 x 6
High Pulls – 5 x 5
Deadlift –
1 x 8
2 x 6
5 x 3

“This is the last month of the growth area specialization,” the gym owner said, “so give it all you’ve got. All your future progress could depend on how hard you work this month.”

Terry nodded. “When I’m Mr. Olympia, I’ll see that you get free tickets to all the shows. Would you like an autograph now or later?”
“Later,” the gym owner told him.

“Now,” he said, “do the pulley rowing the same way as last month, but try to add weight every workout. Go to the absolute limit. Let the weight pull your arms straight out and round your back. Pull the handles hard against your lower abdomen and arch your back. Drop the weight each set and keep the reps up.
“Rowing is the basic lat exercise. Do it much like the pulley rowing – a good stretch at the bottom, then pull the bar to your lower abdomen and arch your back at the top.
“You should be getting pretty good at prone hypers by now. Don’t forget, you gotta add weight whenever you can. The Russian lifters work hard at hypers as a major supplementary exercise.”

Terry mulled it over.
“I wouldn’t want to look like a Russian weight lifter, you know.”
“Neither would I,” the gym owner told him.
“But I wouldn’t want to argue with one either.”

“Now, he said, “we come to another of the great basic exercises – stiff-legged deadlifts. They’ll build muscle from the back of your neck to the back of your ankles. Drop the poundage each set and keep the reps up to ten.
“And finally,” he said, “we come to the cream of the crop – the really hard work.”

“Just a minute,” Terry said. “Just a minute. What do you mean, the really hard work? What in hell have we been doing up to this point?”
“Coasting, my boy.” The gym owner beamed his friendliest smile.
“Just coasting.”
Terry got to his feet.
“Of course, the gym owner said, “you’ll also generate bigger gains than you ever have in your life.”
Terry sat down again.
“This is where we really separate the wheat from the chaff,” the gym owner said. “This is where we build the growth potential to be a champion.”

“The first two sets of power cleans are sort of a warm-up. Go all out on the last three sets. Don’t set the weight down between reps and don’t move your feet during the cleans. When you finish, you should be puffing and panting like a circus calliope.
“Do the high pulls in much the same way, but don’t clean the weight. Pull the bar up to your lower chest area. Again, don’t set the weight down between reps and don’t move your feet. Drop the poundage each set and keep the reps at five.
“The final exercise is the deadlift – probably the most basic exercise of them all. Very few bodybuilders do them because they’re such hard work, but, if you’re willing to work hard enough, they’ll do phenomenal things for your growth potential.
“Do a fairly light set of eight reps. Then add weight and do two sets of six reps with a medium weight. Then add more weight and do five sets of three reps as heavy as you can. Try to add weight each set. Don’t set the weight down between reps. Keep your back flat and work up to very heavy weights.”

Terry looked carefully at the gym owner.
“That’s one helluva pile of work.”
The gym owner nodded.
“And hard work is the secret of the whole thing. Don’t forget what I told you about Louis Abele’s teeth aching from the heavy breathing and tearing calluses from his hands in the deadlifts. Years ago one of the biggest guys I ever worked out with split the palm of his hand doing high pulls. He finished the set with blood oozing between his fingers.”

Terry leaned forward in his chair.
“That’s brutal.”
“It could be a lot worse.”
“How?”
“It could be me doing it,” the gym owner chortled.
“Hilarious,” Terry snarled. “Did you ever try it?”
“Years ago, my boy,” the gym owner said. “Years and years ago. Fortunately, I have now reached the jolly state of mature perfection and no longer find it necessary.”
“So you tell guys like me to do it?”
“Right,” the gym owner said. “And that’s the jolliest state of them all.”

“I’ll give it a good shot,” Terry said.
He got up and left the office.
The gym owner pulled the MuscleMag and the Playboy out of the desk drawer. He leaned back in his chair, put his feet on the desk, and opened the Playboy.

Terry stuck his head in the door.
“Forgot my workout sheets.”
The gym owner pulled his feet off the desk and fumbled with the magazines. The Playboy dropped to the floor.

Terry walked over to the desk and looked down at the Playboy.
The gym owner smiled sheepishly.
“Great magazine,” he said.
“Inspirational,” Terry agreed.
The gym owner closed his eyes and laid his head on the desk.
“And thought-provoking,” he muttered.

*********************************************************************************

The Hard Gainer’s Solution
MuscleMag International
November, 1989

The gym owner was in tilted back in his chair with his feet on the desk, a piece of fried chicken in one hand and a copy of ‘Immortal Poems of the English Language’ in the other, when someone knocked on the office door. He bit off the last of the meat, threw the bone into the fast-food bucket on the desk, and yelled, “Come in” through a mouthful of chicken.
The door opened and a tall, bony young man walked in.
The gym owner wiped his hands with a paper napkin and got to his feet. He put on his most endearing smile and held out his hand.
“Welcome.”
The bony young man looked at the gym owner’s hand.
“Sorry,” the gym owner said. He pulled shreds of the napkin off with his other hand and tried to shake them into the waste basket.
“Sticky little devils.”
The bony young man stared at him.
The gym owner pulled the paper off with his teeth, rolled it into a crumpled ball, and dropped it into the basket. He cleared his throat loudly.
“Sit down, my boy,” he said. “Sit down.”
The gym owner straightened his note pad and flicked a mound of crumbs onto the floor.
“Normally,” he said, “the cleaning lady is here first thing every morning. Today, unfortunately, the poor old soul couldn’t make it. A train wreck of a flood or a dead aunt or something.”
He took six old MuscleMags off the desk and threw them into a drawer.
“We will, of course, honor her collective agreement. Full bereavement leave entitlement, shift differentials, accumulative seniority benefits and so on.”
The young man looked over his shoulder at the door.
The gym owner sat down again and put on his most interested look.
“But enough of that,” he said. “The important thing is what can I do for you?”
The bony young man looked at the door again.
“I can see that you’re busy. Maybe if I came back in a month or two . . .”
He started to his feet.
The gym owner waved him back down again.
“My boy,” he said, “men of dedication and devotion are always busy. But,” he placed a hand over his heart, “never too busy to comfort a fellow traveler.” He cleared his throat. “Make that a weary traveler.”
He put his elbow on the desk, cupped his chin in his hand, and looked the young man in the eye.
“Tell me, my son, what is it you need?”
The young man stared back at the gym owner.
“I need to gain weight,” he said plaintively. “I need muscles.”
The gym owner stared at the bony young man for a long time.
“Exactly,” he said. “Muscles.”

There was a long silence. The young man and the gym owner stared into each other’s eyes. Gradually the gym owner’s eyes glazed over and his chin slid off his hand.
The young man coughed slightly.
The gym owner jumped and gave a strangled gasp.
“Tell me about it.” he said.
“All my life I have been skinny,” the young man said.
The gym owner nodded sympathetically.
“Have you ever known the pain of that?” the young man asked him.
The gym owner gazed reminiscently at the ceiling.
“I used to weigh ninety-eight pounds,” he said.
The young man brightened. “Really?”
“Really,” the gym owner said. “Mind you, I was only five years of age at the time.

The young man’s face fell.
“Is there any hope for me?
The gym owner put on his most encouraging smile.
“Of course there is, my boy. Of course there is.”
He pushed the bucket across the desk.
“Have a piece of chicken.”
The young man leaned over the bucket and probed around in it.
“There’s none left,” he said.
The gym owner raised his eyebrows.
“Really?”
He rummaged around in the bucket and pulled out a bone.
“There’s a little chicken left on this one.”
The young man closed his eyes and clenched his teeth.
“Or, if you have any money we could send out for another bucket.”
“Listen,” the young man said. “Never mind the chicken. What about my problem?”
“Exactly,” the gym owner said. “Your problem.”
He thought for a moment.
“What was it again?”
“Muscles,” the young man snapped. “And gaining weight.”
“Right,” the gym owner said. “And gaining weight.”
He leaned forward and put on his most scholarly look.
“Let me see your wrist.”
The gym owner took the young man’s wrist and rolled it in his fingers.
“Very small boned,” he said. “Relax your hand.”
He jiggled the wrist so that the young man’s hand flopped loosely.
“I think we’ve discovered part of your problem,” he said. He dropped the young man’s hand in the chicken bucket.
The young man jerked his hand back and looked at the door again.
The gym owner leaned forward.
“Tell me about your training so far.”
The bony young man closed his eyes. “It’s been a nightmare,” he said. “I’ve done every program in the book and nothing works. I work my buns into the ground and I just don’t gain weight.”
He looked plaintively at the gym owner. “What am I doing wrong?”
“Are you eating enough?’ the gym owner asked him.
The bony young man closed his eyes again. “Enough?” he muttered. “I go through the kitchen like a horde of locusts. I eat anything that doesn’t bite back. Last week my cat hired a Doberman to guard her food dish.” He opened his eyes. “And still I can’t gain an ounce.”
The gym owner nodded. “I think I know the answer,” he said, “but how do you feel all day long?”
“Tired,” the young man said. “Totally exhausted. I wouldn’t walk a block to watch an earthquake.”
“Okay,” the gym owner said. He leaned back in his chair. “We’ve solved your problem.”
“Really?’ the bony young man said, “It didn’t take long.”
“It’s the most common problem in bodybuilding,” the gym owner said. “You’re working too hard for your type of metabolism and growth potential.”
He leaned forward and spoke seriously to the young man. “You won’t be hearing this, but I’m going to be very honest with you. You’re one of a rare type of individual for whom gains are almost impossible.”
The young man’s face fell.
“You need a special approach to training,” the gym owner told him. “At least for the time being. And you need an awful lot of patience. Regular programs just won’t work for you at this stage of your development. You’ve gotta do it differently or kiss the whole thing goodbye.”
He paused for a moment and looked at the young man. You don’t have the genetic metabolism for heavy training at this point. All the heavy training in the world isn’t going to put an ounce on you. You’re the forgotten man of bodybuilding.”
The gym owner put on his most encouraging smile. “But,” he said, “there is, fortunately, a way to solve your problem. A special approach for guys like you.”
The young bony man stared thoughtfully at the chicken bucket.
The gym owner leaned forward.
“Did you understand what I said?”
“Tell me,” the young man said, “did you eat the whole bucketful?”
The gym owner took the bucket and peered into it.
“Not really,” he said. “Once the lid comes off there’s a tremendously high evaporative phenomenon. Something to do with the thermal convergence or background radiation or whatever.”
The young man pursed his lips and nodded his head. “I see,” he said vaguely.
The gym owner put the bucket back on the desk. “Never mind the chicken,” he said. “I want to give you a full explanation of your dilemma and how to overcome it. I want you to understand why regular programs don’t work for you at this point. And finally,” he beamed, “I want to give you a training program that’ll put some meat on your bones.
The young man looked sadly at the chicken bucket.
The gym owner sat up in amazement. “Meat on your bones, he said. “A Freudian slip if I ever heard one.”
He took the bucket and put it on the floor. “Now listen up,” he said.
“You are the forgotten man of bodybuilding,” the gym owner said to the bony young man. “Regular programs don’t work for you at this stage of your career. You need a specially tailored program and, unfortunately, that approach isn’t popular with the business interests in the field. It isn’t viable for them. They can’t spend too much time on guys like you and you can’t really blame them.”
“So what does that make me?” the young man snarled . . . “a leper?”
“No,” the gym owner said. “But you’re the kiss of death to anyone trying to earn a living in the muscle business.”
He leaned forward and gripped the young man’s upper arm. “No bodybuilding magazine is going to run an issue with you on the cover. They couldn’t afford to. They’d never publish another issue if they did. They couldn’t even hide you in the back pages. They’d be toes up in a week. People buy muscle magazines because they want to look like the bodybuilders in them. Nobody would buy a magazine with pictures of guys like you in it because nobody wants to look like you.”
The young man’s face got long and gloomy. “Nobody?” he asked.
The gym owner thought for a minute. “Perhaps my father-in-law.”
“Really?” said the bony young man. “What does he look like?”
“It’s hard to tell,” the gym owner said. “He’s been dead for nine years.”
The young man’s face got longer and his head dropped.
“It’s the same with the gyms,” the gym owner said. “They like to have the big guys for members because it’s good for business. If they can get a Mr. Universe or a Mr. Olympia to train there, then they fill the place with dues-paying members. Guys like you just don’t attract the paying customers. You could train for ten years and gain twenty-five pounds and you’d never be as valuable to the gym as some Mr. Winner who looked almost as good the first time he picked up a weight.”
The bony young man sagged in his chair. “I feel like an abandoned child.”
“Don’t,” the gym owner said. “It’s just that most of the professionals in the business don’t have the time to devote to guys like you.”
“Do you?’ the young man asked him.
The gym owner cleared his throat and scuffed his feet on the rug. “Actually,” he said, “you couldn’t have caught me at a worse time. My plate is filled right up.” He thought about it for a moment and then pushed the chicken bucket under the desk with his foot.
The young man looked at him forlornly. “Then what can I do?”
“Do?” the gym owner said. “Do? Train at home for one thing. Or, better yet,” he smiled a wicked smile, “go see this guy.” He rummaged around in a desk drawer and brought out a competitor’s business card. He handed the card to the young man. “This guy’s great. He claims he’s trained every man since Hercules. Tell him you came to train at his place.”
The bony young man studied the card. “What if he won’t let me in?”
“No problem,” the gym owner said. “Stand outside his gym in your bathing suit and tell everyone you train there. Tell them he’s your father and he won’t give you enough to eat. I’ll have the TV crew there in half an hour.”
The young man thought about it. “I’d much rather train here. You’re the first person that’s been kind to me.”
The gym owner coughed and looked away. “That’s very nice of you,” he stammered. “Very nice, indeed. And perhaps some other time we might be . . .”
The bony young man looked at him with sheepdog eyes. “Please.”
The gym owner looked at the floor and weighed the prospect of imminent fiscal disaster against what his mother had told him about being kind to passing strangers. He heaved a sigh. “Okay,” he said. “We’ll try it. Be here at six o’clock Monday morning and bring a full sweat suit. We’ll work out before the gym opens to the regular customers.”
“Six o’clock in the morning?” the young man asked.
“Right,” the gym owner said. “It’s very important.”
“For me to gain weight:”
“No, For me to stay in business. I don’t want anyone to see you.”
At six a.m. the following Monday, the bony young man put on his sweat suit and followed the gym owner into the weight room.
“Now” the gym owner said. He leaned against an incline board and the whole thing fell over sideways. He crawled out of the ruins and muttered, “Cleaning lady. Silly old fool was supposed to bolt that thing to the floor.”
He sat on a bench. “Now,” he said, “pay attention. This is the most important part of the whole workout. You’ll be doing a very, very light program until you develop the ability to gain weight. It’s a special program designed for that one purpose. It wouldn’t do a thing for a normal bodybuilder. It’d be a complete waste of time if you could gain weight any other way. If you think this program is going to change you into a Lee Haney in three months or something, then do yourself a favor and forget it. Take up chess and you’ll be a lot happier in the long run.”
He pointed his finger at the bony young man. “But,” he said, “if you’ll realize how difficult your case is, if you’re wise enough to do exactly what I tell you, if you’ve got the patience to persevere through very trying times, then you will eventually change your metabolism and your ability to grow. Then, and only then, will you start gaining on regular and more advanced programs.”
“I’m ready,” the young man said. “Lay it on me.”
“You’ll work out three times a week,” the gym owner said. “No more than that. And if you don’t gain on three workouts a week, then you drop it down to two. The whole idea is to stimulate you, not wear you out. Your type has to conserve energy to grow on, not waste it on long workouts. Working out like the average bodybuilder would simply exhaust you and guarantee your failure.
“The first exercise you do is one set of light puff-and-pant squats for twenty reps. You’ll start off real light and then add weight to the bar every workout until you get up to the equivalent of your bodyweight as soon as you can.
“Bodyweight squats are supposed to feel light,” he said. “If you don’t get to that point you’ll never make any substantial gains.”
“You make it sound hopeless” the young man said. “Isn’t there anything else I can do?”
”No,” said the gym owner. “There’s not. But it’s not hopeless. Not at all. Every hard gainer I ever heard of who followed this program gained a lot of bulk and power and eventually got to the point where he could gain weight virtually on any kind of program.
“What’s giving you a problem at the moment is that I’m not selling anything. I’m telling you the cold truth because I have no commercial interest in you at all
He looked at his watch. “And if we don’t get you finished and out of here before the early shift shows up I won’t have any commercial interest in anything.
“The next exercise,” he said, “is bench presses. Two sets of twelve reps with a medium grip.
“Next,” he said, “is bent-over rowing. Two sets of fifteen reps with about a six inch grip.
“And, finally, one set of the stiff-legged deadlifts for fifteen reps. Use the same weight for the dead lifts that you do for the squats.”
“And that’s it?” the young man asked.
“That’s it.”
“Lee Haney trains a lot harder than that.”
The gym owner closed his eyes and made a mental note to start reading the want ads more carefully. “We’ve been through this fifty times,” he said patiently. “I know Lee Haney trains a lot harder than that. This program wouldn’t warm up Lee Haney’s grandmother. That’s the point of the whole thing.”
The bony young man considered it. “I didn’t know Lee Haney’s grandmother worked out.”
“I don’t even know if he’s got a grandmother,” the gym owner snarled. “Forget about her and do the workout. Next time I’m going to explain everything to you in detail”

*********************************************************************************

Hard Gainer’s Solution, Part II
MuscleMag International
December, 1989

At quarter to six on Friday morning, the bony young man stumbled into the gym owner’s office and slumped into a chair.
“Something wrong?” the gym owner asked him.
“No, no,” the young man said. “Just that the chickens won’t be up for two more hours.”
The gym owner got up off the couch and threw a travelogue magazine onto the desk.
The young man picked it up. “Do you do much traveling?” he asked.
“My boy,” the gym owner said, “you are talking with an extensive and sophisticated traveler, a man who has voyaged to the four corners of the earth.” He dragged himself into an erect, military posture reminiscent of the late Lord Admiral Horatio Nelson and braced his feet apart to combat the surge of the open sea. He gazed distantly out the window until he realized it was still pitch black outside and he couldn’t see a thing.
“Yes, my boy,” he rumbled in his best Gregory Peck voice. “From a long and brilliant naval career as a younger man, supplemented as I grew older by danger-filled treks to far-flung exotic regions, I stand today as the epitome of the handsome, well-seasoned, global adventurer.”
The bony young man stared at him with wide eyes and an open mouth.
In truth, the gym owner had once served two years in the navy as a clever ploy to stay out of the army, and had risen to the lofty height of able seaman. On one occasion, when his ship was anchored in the Mediterranean, he had stood with a large half-eaten pepperoni sausage in his hand, gazed at the statue of David and reflected the glory that once was Rome until the tour guide told them they were in Florence.
Another time, he had sat on a bench in the city of Pisa with a half of a three-pound chunk of roast pork in his mouth and gawked at the principle tourist attraction under the impression it was the Eiffel Tower falling over.
“But enough of me,” he said modestly.” “Let’s get back to things of lesser importance. Come.”
He led the young man into the weight room. They stopped at the incline bench, which had recently been repaired. The gym owner slapped the leather incline.
“What does that remind you of, my boy?”
The young man thought for a moment. “An ironing board?” he said.
The gym owner stared at him. “An ironing board?”
“An inclined ironing board?” the young man said. “An inclined ironing board leaning against something?
The gym owner slapped the board again. “Have you no romance in your soul?” His voice got soft and his eyes took on a faraway look. “The high slopes of Kilimanjaro,” he whispered, “where I once hunted the savage white elephant.”
The young man looked at him nervously. “I don’t think there are any elephants on Kilimanjaro.”
The gym owner looked at him. “No?” Well, maybe it was the savage rhinoceros.” He rubbed his hand across his eyes. One’s memory tends to fade with age. “Anyway, it was savage, white, and awful big.”
The young man coughed slightly. “Speaking of big, you were going to explain the program to me.”
“Right,” the gym owner said. “I knew that.” He sat down on a flat bench and spoke to the young man.

“Squats are the most important exercise in any bulking program. The squats are done for twenty or more reps with three to six huge breaths between repetitions. There is no other effective way. You can go into any gym and see top guys doing squats for lower reps and without all the puffing and panting. But these are guys who have learned how to gain weight almost at will. They’re not just packing on raw bulk. They’re looking for isolated muscle gains. You’re not there yet.
“For guys like you, guys who can’t gain easily, twenty-rep, puff-and-pant squats are the only way.
“The only variation in twenty-rep squats is the amount of weight you use. Either squat with all the weight you can handle, or squat with the equivalent of your bodyweight on the bar. For 99% of the adult male population, squatting with all the weight you can handle is far and away the best. There is no other exercise to compare with it.
“In the beginning, however, there are some men who simply can’t gain on heavy squats. They have such limited growth potential that heavy programs just deplete them further. The y just won’t grow on regular programs and that’s the truth of the matter.
“For guys like that, the answer is bodyweight breathing squats. Bodyweight squats means loading the bar to the equivalent of your bodyweight . Breathing means to take three to six huge breaths between repetitions.
“You stand erect with the bar across your shoulders and take three to six huge breaths and then squat until the tops of your thighs are about parallel with the floor. Don’t go any lower than that.
“Don’t stay in the low position. When you hit parallel, rebound right back up, take three to six more huge breaths, and then squat again.
“Do twenty reps. When you finish you should be puffing and gasping like a floundered fish. Go immediately to a flat bench and do twenty pullovers with about twenty pounds. The light pullovers aren’t designed to build muscle; they’re designed to stretch your rib box. Take a deep breath as the weight is going back and exhale on the way up. Get a good stretch every rep.”

The gym owner peered at the bony young man. “Are you listening to me?”
The young man jumped and opened his eyes. “Yes. The great white mountain goat. Fascinating.
The gym owner glared at him. “Your nest exercise is the bench press. It’s one of the two most effective upper body exercises.
“Don’t try anything fancy. Just plain old-fashioned flat bench presses. Take a grip a little wider than shoulder width and do the presses smooth and even. Bounce the bar a little bit when it hits bottom and drive it right back attain. Don’t linger in the low position.
“Take three deep breaths when the bar is on the top. Hold the last breath, drop the bar and then press it up. Exhale just as you reach the top position. Start with a light weight and gradually build it up.
Remember – squats are the major exercise for you.
“The next exercise is bent-over rowing. It’s the second basic upper body exercise. Bend forward to about parallel with the floor and grab the bar with a close grip. Pull the bar up to where your abdomen and thighs meet. Arch your back a little at the top.
“Don’t set the bar down between reps. Take a couple of quick gasping breaths when the bar is in the low position and then pull it up again.
“Start low and gradually increase the weight as you get stronger.
“Last of all is stiff-legged deadlifts. This is a fantastic, very underrated exercise. Do the deadlifts standing on a block and lower the bar to the tops of your feet. Don’t set it down between reps.
“Stand erect with the bar and take three big breaths. Lower the weight and come right back up again. Lean back slightly and take three more deep breaths. Take three breaths after each rep.
“Use the same weight you’re squatting with or about ten pounds more. Don’t try anything heavier at this point.
“And that’s it,” the gym owner said. “Can you do it?”
“Can do,” said the bony young man. “Can do.”

The gym owner’s mouth dropped open.
“Katmandu.” He closed his eyes and extended an arm dramatically.
“There’s a little yellow island to the north of Katmandu,” he said in his best Richard Burton voice. “There’s a marble cross beneath the town. And a broken-hearted women tends . . .”

The bony young man got up.

“Katmandu,” the gym owner whispered intensely.
“The hordes of savage pygmies with their scout knives and blowguns pouring across the hot white sand.”

The young man started for the door.
“And you killed them all with your bare hands. Right?”
“Right.”

“Marvelous,” the young man said.
“Good-bye.”


Thanks, John.
Good-bye.






Bench Pressing with Hennessey - Anthony Ditillo (1980)

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Ronnie Ray



Bill Kazmaier


Mel Hennessey


Today when one thinks of bench pressing power the name of Mike MacDonald immediately comes to mind. However, if we go back a few years we come to a man who has done more for the theory of building maximum muscular bulk coupled with  immense physical power than anyone else and that man's name is Mel Hennessey. Older readers (men in their thirties) will remember the middle and late sixties when record after record on the bench was broken by a man of short stature but unbelievable muscular proportions and I'm sure when it comes to thick, dense, heavy muscular development plus pleasing shape and the power to match, Mel Hennessey stands above ALL his contemporaries of the present day and his competitors of the past when it comes to physical impressiveness.

To develop outstanding strength is an accomplishment in itself. To be able to stand among the world's best in any competitive strength movement is quite an accomplishment. But, to be able to mesh this strength with the muscular density of a Mr. Universe is verging on the edge of immortality and Mel Hennessey was capable of doing just that.

Over the years the massive men who displayed physical roundness PLUS power have been known to us all. Serge Reding was one such man. Ivan Putski is another. Let us not forget men like Ronnie Ray, Gene Roberson, Steve Marjanian, John Molinaro, Chuck Ahrens, Chuck Fish, etc. The list is endless. Yet at the head of this list of men I place Mel Hennessey and here is his bench press specialization program. 

To fully understand Mel's method of training the bench press one has to review his training theories in general. First, he believes in performing all movements fluidly and strictly. There is no room for cheating or jerking movements in his routine. He also uses plenty of dumbbell movements in his training because he believes the additional stretch these movements give the muscular areas and joints will promote flexibility which will enable a more forceful contraction and explosion during the performance of a lift. Let us not forget that these shaping dumbbell movements enable a muscular condition to be built which borders on the fantastic since the poundages since the poundages he ultimately handles in these movements become quite immense. When at his peak he is capable of flat bench straight arm lateral raises with 150 lb dumbbells. And this is for sets and repetitions. All in all, this man makes sure he doesn't neglect any muscle group in his entire body so as to have no weak links. This leads to both a complete muscular development as well as all around physical strength.

For building bench pressing power Mel Hennessey has used various movements at various times in his career to be able to yearly increase his physical performance. as we mentioned earlier, most assistance movements are performed with dumbbells for more stretch and hence more development. Heavy front dumbbell raises, side lateral raises, lying laterals, dumbbell concentration curls, dips, lying and standing triceps extensions, lat machine pressdowns and pulldowns, and dumbbell bentover rowing are the basic assistant movements he uses for bench pressing power. These movements are varied between three and six days per week, depending on how many days per week he is training. When following a six-day-a-week routine he will do the three power lifts on Monday, Wednesday and Friday, and his assistance movements on Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday. The sets vary with his energy level and how he feels the area worked is responding to the movement used. Poundages begin light and over a number of sets work up to heavy weights where from five to ten repetitions can be performed. He also cycles his training so that the nearer a contest he comes, the more assistance work is put away so that heavier attempts at benching are possible. From reviewing his training theories it seems that Mel feels that in the beginning of your cycle the assistant movements will hold back your max single on the bench because most emphasis is being placed on the dumbbell moves. However, as the contest draws nearer and the assistant work is reduced, then the past work on these movements really makes itself felt and the bench begins to ascend upward in poundage so that heavier and heavier weights are able to be handled due to an increase of the muscular mass the past work on the dumbbell movements have given him. Thus, when they are reduced in usage, the fuller muscular recuperation of the entire chest, shoulder and tricep area results in better and heavier bench pressing.

When it comes to body placement on the bench, Mel believes in simply lying flat with a medium arch in the back, making the movement a pure strength feat involving the upper body muscles to a large degree with the lower body only acting as a stabilizer for steadiness. He does not, nor has he ever, gone in for the exaggerated positions some present champions use when performing bench presses in competition. To see photos of this man lifting heavy iron in a competition leaves nothing to the imagination. All three of his powerlifts were done and are done slowly, strictly and using the basic muscles of the lift with little outside assistance.

It must be obvious to you by now that what he has tried to do with his training is to fully develop to a point of incredability[!] all the muscle groups used for heavy bench pressing and the results he has obtained speak for themselves. I believe his old record of 570 [?] at 242 was on the cover of one of the old 'Lifting News' magazines and in this photo you can see for yourself the flat, strict, body placement, the grip and the sheer 'slow strength' of the lift. 

It is Mel's contention that most young guys train too heavy too often with not enough emphasis put on the assistance movements and working up to maximum singles on the power three too frequently. Somehow they figure that the more frequently they hit their limits the faster they will gain. But they are wrong. Mel trains his way to gain slowly!

The grip Mel prefers is a normal, medium grip. Too wide a grip reduces the ability to press the bar backward, reduces tricep involvement and causes shoulder injuries over time. With a medium grip (thumb length from knurling), delts, pectorals and triceps can work together to raise the most weight. He also tries to lower the bar a bit differently than most lifters. When lowered to the chest he fully tries to inflate his chest to reduce the pressing distance and to increase muscular leverage. He allows the bar to come to rest at mid-point on the pectorals not below the pectoral as most do. This also increases muscular leverage somewhat and along with this 'high bar placement' he allows the forearms to fold onto the lower bicep when in the position of bar on the chest. This allows more explosion off the chest and facilitates a more backward yet upward path of the bar.

Close grip bench presses with hands four inches apart have done much to strengthen his lockout ability when doing limit bench presses. He has used over 350 for sets of between five and seven using this extremely narrow grip. He has also had much success using the standing tricep extension and concentrating on the amount of weight handled and eventually works up to over 300 for reps! Lying tricep presses also play a part in his training and in this movement he is capable of over 300 for sets and reps.

If there is a secret ingredient which is responsible for Mel Hennessy's past and present success I would say that it is a combination of having the self confidence to dare to go to limits in shaping movements, along with an acceptance of hard work for many hours and a belief in himself as truly master of his soul. These are my opinions of Mel Hennessey. They will be yours too, should you ever meet him.    












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